Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks for Lighting Energy ...

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[99] SPOT: Sensor Placement + Optimization Tool. [Computer Software]. Boulder, CO: Architectural Energy Corporation, 2006. Retrieved March 5, 2008. Available from http://www.archenergy.com/SPOT. [100] Y. Akashi and J. Neches, "Detectability and Acceptability of Illuminance Reduction for Load Shedding," Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society, vol. 33, pp. 3-13, 2004. [101] Hamamatsu Photonics, "Si Photodiode S7686," [Online]. Available: http://sales.hamamatsu.com/en/products/solid-state-division/si-photodiodeseries/si-photodiode/part-s7686.php. [Accessed: Feburary 8, 2005]. [102] Advance Transformer Technical Staff, IZT-2S32-SC Electrical Specifications: Advance Transformer, 2003. [103] D. Loe and P. Davidson, "A Holistic Approach to Lighting Design," 1997. [Online]. Available: http://www.iaeel.org/IAEEL/NEWSL/1997/tva1997/DesAppl_b_2_97.html. [Accessed: July 2, 2008]. [104] C. DiLouie, "Good Controls Design Key to Saving Energy with Daylighting," 2005. [Online]. Available: http://www.aboutlightingcontrols.org/education/papers/daylighting.shtml. [Accessed: July 2, 2008]. 221
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Page 1 and 2:
Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networ
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Abstract Wireless Sensor and Actuat
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To my wife for having faith in me a
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Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introdu
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6.4.2 Lighting Optimization Algorit
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10.2.1 Theoretical Contributions...
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List of Figures Figure 1-1 Research
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Figure 7-8 Voltage divider. .......
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Figure 9-31 Energy savings vs. payb
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The integration of wireless sensor
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esulting lighting is optimal in the
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acquisition and wireless transmissi
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a central base computer for sensor
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optimal light settings were in turn
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possibility of wireless actuator ne
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Chapter 2 Motivation The motivation
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[21]. Lighting accounts for 30% of
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Table 2-1 summarizes each of the co
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from light level tuning impossible
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used in the progress of this resear
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are expected to autonomously config
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office, and industrial applications
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Chapter 3 Related Research and Lite
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Although radio frequency is a suppo
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channels with different capabilitie
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In practice, fusion of sensor data
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The emergence of wireless sensor ne
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A is empty f A (x) = 0, x X (3.1)
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Convex combination: the relation Th
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where no crisp boundary can be defi
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developed by Dantzig [87]. The ineq
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sensor network is far more valuable
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Figure 4-1 Mote-FVF algorithm archi
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Figure 4-2 Gaussian correlation cur
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predicted reading. Note that the of
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fuzzification and m for the defuzz
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mote sensors were arranged in a 3-b
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Figure 4-6 Mote-FVF with median val
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Figure 4-8 Comparison of variations
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The daylighting system application
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The key components are the predicti
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Figure 5-3 Prediction performance o
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Figure 5-5 Prediction performance o
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Among them, adaptive Wiener filteri
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even though the sensed environment
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5.3 Simulation and Experiment Resul
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Figure 5-11 Adaptive sensing with d
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Figure 5-13 Damped adaptive sensing
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Chapter 6 Optimal Lighting Actuatio
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of the workplane level illuminance
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office with K luminaires, for examp
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E sub = e pq e rs e xy 1
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optimizer for a consistency check.
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Figure 6-4 Pseudo code of the light
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simulation was to show that the opt
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It is obvious from Figure 6-6 and F
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Chapter 7 Wireless-Enabled Lighting
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determined to be 0-2000 lux. Conseq
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discrete outputs from the motes spa
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actuation technologies, and additio
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Figure 7-8 Voltage divider. Since t
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Given the 256-level dimming capabil
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Figure 7-11 Prototyping Luminaire S
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to its simplicity. Although coded w
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The second experiment was executed
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Chapter 8 System Verification on Hu
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commercial system was randomized fo
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8.2.1 Hardware Implementation in Sm
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eference point on the desktop was s
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commands were received. In addition
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were provided with three wireless p
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(a) Figure 8-6 Sensor placement of
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lower meter readings was that the m
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(2) Subtle and invisible shadows ma
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function keys are. The function key
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deliberately perturbed the lights d
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Table 8-2 Summary of the test on pr
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Current Level on the investigator
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Chapter 9 System Implementation and
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Figure 9-1 Floor plan of the small
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Figure 9-3 System operation diagram
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campus-wide lighting maintenance, w
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message is addressed. The destinati
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Both the actuation and the grouping
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The construction or updating of the
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determines if this message is for u
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Figure 9-12 Lighting preset setting
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Figure 9-13 Average hourly percent
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9.4 Daylight Response The second ph
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Furthermore, the structure allows t
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Figure 9-16 Daylight harvesting tes
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Figure 9-18 Sensor readings in the
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then gradually dimmed. After reachi
Page 188 and 189: Figure 9-22 Sensor readings in the
Page 190 and 191: Seven-occupant case with simulated
Page 192 and 193: Figure 9-27 Sensor readings in the
Page 194 and 195: under significant daylight. Again,
Page 196 and 197: newly calculated light settings may
Page 198 and 199: Annual energy consumption = ( Numbe
Page 200 and 201: Figure 9-30 Energy savings vs. payb
Page 202 and 203: have partially contributed to the h
Page 204 and 205: $40 per unit and the system achieve
Page 206 and 207: performance of the current research
Page 208 and 209: sensors. The research in [14] prese
Page 210 and 211: Other than optimizing the energy co
Page 212 and 213: lighting configuration in the offic
Page 214 and 215: communications. The adaptive sensin
Page 216 and 217: integration of the research system
Page 218 and 219: will broaden the application to dif
Page 220 and 221: system could be reallocated to oper
Page 222 and 223: entities could be tremendously crit
Page 224 and 225: [7] J. A. Veitch and G. R. Newsham,
Page 226 and 227: [20] K. A. Karmel, High Performance
Page 228 and 229: [34] P. Levis, S. Madden, J. Polast
Page 230 and 231: International Workshop on Wireless
Page 232 and 233: [57] LonMark International, "Fact S
Page 234 and 235: [71] S. Sahni and X. Xu, "Algorithm
Page 236 and 237: Proceedings of the 1st Internationa
Page 240 and 241: [113] Advance Transformer Technical
Page 242 and 243: A.2 Circuit Schematics of Photosens
Page 244 and 245: A.4 Circuit Schematics of the Secon
Page 246 and 247: Appendix B Human Subject Test B.1 C
Page 248 and 249: (a) Sensor placement of subject No.
Page 250 and 251: B.2 Comparison of System Performanc
Page 252 and 253: B.3 Summary of the Responses from t
Page 254 and 255: B.4 Human Subject Test Approval Let
Page 256 and 257: B.5 Human Subject Test Protocol Nar
Page 258 and 259: 241
Page 260 and 261: 243
Page 262 and 263: 245
Page 264 and 265: 247
Page 266 and 267: 249
Page 268 and 269: B.7 Human Subject Test Questionnair
Page 270 and 271: 253
Page 272 and 273: B.8 Human Subject Test Interview Sc
Page 274 and 275: Luminaire surface depreciation: 1.0
Page 276 and 277: Table C-1 Daylight reception durati
Page 278: At the rate of 9.62 cents per kWh a
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