ssc-367 - Ship Structure Committee

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APPENDICES A. REVIEW OF OCEAN ENVIRONMENT A.1 A.2 A.3 IRREGULARWAVES PROBABILITYCHARACTERISTICSOF WAVE SPECTRA A.2.1 CharacteristicFrequencies and Periods A.2.2 CharacteristicWave Heights WAVE SPECTRA FORMULAS A.3.1 Bretschneiderand ISSC Spectrum A.3.2 Pierson-MoskowitzSpectrum A.3.3 JONSWAP and Related Spectra A.3.4 Scott and Scott-WiegelSpectra A-1 A-5 A-n A.4 SELECTING A WAVE SPECTRUM A-16 A.4.1 Wave Hindcasting A.4.2 Direct Wave Measurements A.5 A.6 A.7 A.8 WAVE SCATTER DIAGRAM WAVE EXCEEDANCE CURVE WAVE HISTOGRAM AND THE EXTREME VALUES AND THE A-19 A-21 RAYLEIGH DISTRIBUTION A-22 . WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION A-22 A.9 A.1O WIND ENVIRONMENT A-23 A.9.1 Air Turbulence, Surface Rouqhness and Wind Profile A.9.2 Applied, Mean and Cyclic Velocities A.9.3 Gust Spectra “ REFERENCES A-28 vi (-’ 7
B. REVIEW OF LINEAR SYSTEM RESPONSE TO RANDOM EXCITATION B.1 GENERAL B.1.l Introduction 6.1.2 Abstract B.1.3 Purpose B.2 RESPONSE TO RANDOM WAVES B.2.1 Spectrum Analysis Procedure B.2.2 Transfer Function 6.2.3 Wave Spectra B.2.4 Force Spectrum B.2.5 White Noise Spectrum 6.3 EXTREME RESPONSE 6.3.1 Maximum Wave Height Method B.3.2 Wave Spectrum Method B.4 OPERATIONAL RESPONSE B.4.1 Special Family Method B.4.2 Wave Spectrum Method B-1 B-2 B-15 B-17 c. STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTORS C*1 OVERVIEW C*2 STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR EQUATIONS C.2.1 Kuang with Marshall Reduction C.2.2 Smedley-Wordsworth C.3 PARAMETRIC STUDY RESULTS C.3.1 Figures C.3.2 Tables C*4 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSES RESULTS C.3.1 Column-GirderConnection C*5 REFERENCES c-1 c-4 C-6 C-15 C-17 vii
Page 1: SSC-367 - FATIGUE TECHNOLOGY ASSESS
Page 4 and 5: SHIP STRUCTURF COMMllTFF The SHIP S
Page 6 and 7: —.--— 1. Report No. 2. Gowotnmr
Page 8 and 9: FATIGUE TECHNOLOGY Assessment AND D
Page 10 and 11: 6. FATIGUE STRESS HISTORY MODELS 6,
Page 14 and 15: D. VORTEX SHEDDING AVOIDANCE AND FA
Page 16 and 17: LIST OF FIGURES (cent.) FIGURE TITL
Page 18 and 19: HOT-SPOT STRESS . The hot-spot stre
Page 20 and 21: QA/Qc : Quality Assurance/QualityCo
Page 22 and 23: 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND The
Page 24 and 25: general assessmentof fatiguewhile t
Page 26 and 27: 2. OVERVIEW OF FATIGUE 2.1 FATIGUE
Page 28 and 29: 2.2 FATIGUE ANALYSIS 2.2.1 Anal.vsi
Page 30 and 31: ● Loads generated as affected by
Page 32 and 33: A deterministic method is sometimes
Page 34 and 35: 1 APPLICATION OF NUMEROUS CYCLIC ST
Page 36 and 37: I MOBiLEANDSTATIONARY MARWE STRUCTU
Page 38 and 39: 3. FATIGUE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS PARA
Page 40 and 41: and in-plane/out-of-planeangles,and
Page 42 and 43: the general quality of fabrication,
Page 44 and 45: 3.2 REVIEW OF FATIGUE ANALYSIS PARA
Page 46 and 47: frequencies of interest, requiring
Page 48 and 49: ● Reqular Waves in FrecjuencvDoma
Page 50 and 51: The finite element models of increa
Page 52 and 53: The stressmodel parametersdiscussed
Page 54 and 55: While API S-N curves are applicable
Page 56 and 57: DESIGN Osn40H rAnNsirsR8 FAMcA~ M P
Page 58 and 59: Primarily Affect .--------+’ & In
Page 60 and 61: MOTIONS MODEL — .—. ● ;LOADS
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loa 1 10 -— — — -t-i-nT 1[ -t
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4. GLOBAL REVIEW OF FATIGUE 4.1 APP
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An allowable stress method, also co
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esults of work covering assessment
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location. Thus, the method should b
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1. SDectral FaticlueAnalvsis Althou
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2. Weibull AtIDroach The Weibull sh
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energy about the central direction
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Although considered to be an emergi
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many design rules implement this ap
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Detailed Anal.vsisMethods The detai
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The DnV X-curve and the DEn Guidanc
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ending restrictions. Cruciform and
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period, are also designed tomeet th
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incorporates inspection-strategy(Re
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‘Thereare numerous finite element
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LOCATIONs oF FATIGUE CMCKS Figure 4
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TW=’T ——— ———___ __ r
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1 —. — — — — -.. - .. - .
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TOP[C U.K.DEPARTMENTOF ENERGY(OEn)
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:1 U.K.DEPARTMENTOF ENERGY(DEn) AME
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TOPIC U.K.DEPARTMENJOFEIWRGV(oEn) O
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5. FATIGUE STRESS MODELS 5.1 REVIEW
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● The water particle kinematicsar
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“radiation pressure” of waves,
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influence on the applied loading. H
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their function, selecting appropria
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hydrostatic stiffness is introduced
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structure is unique and an allowabl
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loads directly. Since the diffracti
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typically from 0.6 to 0.8 and 1.5 t
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therefore be defined uniformly alon
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load analysisof adetailed three-dim
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esponsesare required , or where con
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either multiple stick elements (for
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Braces may have stubs or cones, whi
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Whatever the basis for an empirical
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The SCF equations currently in use
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life. During the comprehensive desi
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?.s I z - ]LEvE~ ~ 1,5 \ i i+ 11 Is
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-. Figure 5-5 Comparison of Detaile
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( -t ) ( T-JOINT Y-JOINT ( \ I / K-
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SMEDLEY-WORDSWORTH 0 d =— = D 600
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Wave Records Older wave and wind in
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In many cases wind informationmay b
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q = 3.3 s = 0.07, for f< fm s = 0.0
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Seasonal Variation The annual wave
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4. ~arpkaya spreading. (Reference 6
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~. \“ life of a structure,cannot
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6.3 TIME-DOMAIN ANALYSES Nonlinear
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The wave environmentdefinitionsbase
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.,..,, ....- ., ;., .. .... .- .. .
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● Fatiguetest data should be care
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assessmentis typically identifiedas
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damage accumulation similar to that
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“FabricationRestrictions Fabricat
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Fatigue strength of a tubular joint
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Current recommendations,rules and s
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n NB=T 1 [p=+pi Ei . ‘c where: NB
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(2) Damage computation does not acc
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DNB = (f. T/K) (2/2 U)m r (f+ 1) wh
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interactionof multiple fatigue crac
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amplitude loading and loading seque
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n“ CAP PASSES ROOT = * { A A 4 I
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It should be pointed out that the e
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v= flow velocity normal to the cyli
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8.4 METHODS OF MINIMIZING VORTEX SH
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Ra < S REGIME OF UNSE?ARATE~ FLOW 5
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ages. The designer has no control o
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failure data on various structures,
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connections, knife edge crossings,
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9.3.1 Fabrication Effects The fatig
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● Controlled Erosion An alternate
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after a given number of stress cycl
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A second pass with polishingdisc is
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others. Extensive analytical and ex
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d) Stress SDectrum Hot-spot stresse
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Cumulativefatiguedamagecomputations
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as a parametric study intended to i
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Additional areas requiring further
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GROUP Modification of Weld Profile
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400 ‘,, . . 350 - I I 300r [ ~ ,0
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TOPIC SUBJECT INVESTIGATOR COMPLETI
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3.1 Soyak, J. F., Caldwell, J. W.,
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4.12 Daidola, J.C., and Basar, N.S.
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5.4 Papanikolaou,A. and Zaraphoniti
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5.21 -”’ ” ”---”---”
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“7.2 Jordan, C.R., and Cochran, C
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7.19 Niemi, E.J., “FatigueTests o
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9.1 Skaar, K.T., “ContributingFac
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COMMllTEE ON MARINE STRUCTURES Comm
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U.S.Department of Transportation Un
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Member Agencies: United States Coas
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‘ METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS Appro
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APPENDIX A REVIEW OF OCEAN ENVIRONM
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The most distinctive feature-of a r
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s(w) = 2*(4*112) - For a “height
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common probability distributions, t
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T: v. Visually Observed Period, or
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The characteristic wave heights of
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H~ is the significantwave height, a
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a = 0.09, for UJ>wm The U value of
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H~ is the significant height, ‘m
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If the wind duration is less than t
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Sample Wave scatter Diagram s 12 +.
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Nm is the total number of waves in
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turbulence largely a function of te
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Applied Wind Speed Vz(t) ft/s (m/s)
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A.1O REFERENCES A*I Mechanics of Wa
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APPENDIX B REVIEW OF LINEAR SYSTEM
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Awhite noise function-may be used t
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Multiplication of the wave spectrum
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B.2.2.2 Response Amplitude Operator
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0.2.3 Wave Spectra The wave spectru
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9 is the acceleration of gravity in
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The following is..a. sample...of..a
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is the damping ratio,..the ratio of
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the set of extreme conditions, and
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A response scatter diagram could be
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2.4 2.2 2 1 ‘Sen &-”Swull$p~ctr
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L ‘2
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o Kuang (ReferenceCl) “ o Wordswo
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C.2 STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR EQU
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C.3 PARAMETRIC STUDY RESULTS . C.3.
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30. 2s , 20. 15. 10. 5. & wORDSWORT
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ChordSide Brace Side K-Joints SCFU
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Definition of Parameters, Validitv
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-, l— I + ?1 -— I . 4> a ,- I I
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Kuang SCF Computdion 1 L u UI \ f-
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., I , 1- out— FIano SCF m tg n I
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— 6 Smedley-Wordswoti SCF Computa
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T ln— Plan- SCF CrOwn POsltlon o
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C.3.l(C) Kuang Chord SCF’S for T-
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5 Kuang SCF Computation 4 IL u M 3
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C.3.l(d) Smedley-WordsworthChord SC
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. ,i 5 Smedley-Wordsworth SCF Compu
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I I K Out— Plan= SCF —— Saddl
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- 10 Smedley-Wordsworth SCFComputat
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‘\, ?v x out— Plan- SCF ——
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C.3.2(a) Kuang Chord SCF’S for T-
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KuwqSE _im T-joint In%neW UrrdSicko
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C.3.2(b) Smedley-HordsworthChord SC
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T-joint Axial SF Saddle Posiiim
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-— T-joint CtkuHlane ELFSaddlePci
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I 1 1 1 1 ~. l~o ~ ha= 1s0 : ~. ~J
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1 ! ! O.fi ;0.762 %841 0,769 O,= !0
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Ikrdwth-kdlw SF l%quiaiifm K-joint
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hdsmthqwdhy W Camputatim l-joint Ax
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Ejrnnt flkf+lane SF SaddlePmitim ~,
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MAXIMUM PRINCIPAL STRESS SCF = ----
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‘-W, .\ I Ill I : II m -,, !) .
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’ \./ ““’ w~”mm m ““-
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. . I Column L’ Longitudinal Gird
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C.8 Underwater Engineering Group,
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APPENDIX D VORTEX SHEDDING AVOIDANC
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a an b d f“ f ar f~ ‘bmax f~ fn
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D. VORTEX SHEDDING 0.1. INTRODUCTIO
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Vortex Shedding Frequency (f”) fv
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waves. When only isolated members u
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member’s nominal diameter and thi
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\Lf-! of cycles. Thus, the reduced
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s ; J steady current, by substituti
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Step 3: Obtain a new valueof 1/10 b
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vortex shedding will occur, i.e., V
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h. The fatigue life may -be modifie
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NOTE: The relationship given is bas
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CELL C7: KINEMATIC VISCOSITY = U CE
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COLUMN N: THE STRESS AMPLITUDE IS C
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D.8.3 Devices and Spoilers Devices
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D*9 REFERENCES D.1 King, R., “A R
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Fint Insmbility Rtgion I !%mmd Inat
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.—____ *U.S. E.P.O. :1993-343-273
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COMMllTEE ON MARINE STRUCTURES Comm
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4!! . ,—.-.,
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