ssc-367 - Ship Structure Committee

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COMMllTEE ON MARINE STRUCTURES Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council The COMMITTEE ON MARINE STRUCTURES has technical cognizance over the interagency Structure Committee’s research program. Peter M. Palermo Chairmanj Alexandria, VA Mark Y. Berman, Amoco Production Company, Tulsa, OK Subrata K. Chakrabarti, Chicago Bridge and Iron, Plainfield, IL Rolf D. Glasfeld, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT William H. Harttl Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL Alexander B. Stavovy, National Research Council, Washington, DC Stephen E. Sharpe, Ship Structure Committee, Washington, DC LOADS WORK GROUP Subrata K. Chakrabarti Chairman, Chicago Bridge and Iron Company, Plainfield, IL Howard M. Bunch, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml Peter A. Gale, John J. McMullen Associates, Arlington, VA Hsien Yun Jan, Martech Incorporated, Neshanic Station, NJ Naresh Maniar, M. Rosenblatt & Son, Incorporated, New York, NY Solomon C. S. Yim, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR MATERIALS WORK GROUP William H. Hartt Chairman, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL Santiago Ibarra, Jr., Amoco Corporation, Naperville, IL John Landes, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Barbara A. Shaw, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA James M. Sawhill, Jr., Newport News Shipbuilding, Newport News, VA Bruce R. Somers, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA Jerry G. Williams, Conoco, Inc., Ponca City, OK c-3 $olo7&
SHIP STRUCTURE COMMITTEE PUBLICATIONS SSC-351 An Introduction to Structural Reliability Theorv by Alaa E. Mansour 1990 SSC-352 Marine Structural Steel Touahness Data Bank by J. G. Kaufman and M. Prager 1990 SSC-353 Analvsis of Wave Characteristics inExtreme Seas by WilliamH.Buckley 1989 SSC-354 Structural Redundance forDiscreteand Continuous Systems by P.K. Das and J.F.Garside 1990 SSC-355 Relation of Inspection Findinqs to Fatique Reliability by M. Shinozuka 1989 SSC-356 Fatique Performance Under Multiaxial Lod by Karl A. Stambaugh, Paul R. Van Mater, Jr.,and WilliamH.Munse 1990 SSC-357 Carbon Equivalence and Weldability of Microalloyed Steels by C. D. Lundin, T. P. S. Gill, C. Y. P, Qiao, Y. Wang, and K. K. Kang 1990 SSC-358 Structural Behavior After Fatique by Brian N. Leis 1987 SSC-359 Hydrodynamic Hull Dampinq (Phase 1) by V. Ankudinov 1987 SSC-360 Use of Fiber Reinforced Plastic inMarine Structuresby EricGreene 1990 SSC-361 Hull Stra~pinq of Ship= by Nedret S. Basar and Roderick B. Hulls 1990 SSC-362 Shipboard Wave Heiqht Sensor by R. Atwater 1990 SSC-363 Uncertainties in Stress Analysis on Marine Structures by E. Nikolaidis and P. Kaplan 1991 SSC-364 Inelastic Deformation of Plate Panels by Eric Jennings, Kim Grubbs, Charles Zanis, and Louis Raymond 1991 SSC-365 Marine Structural Inteqrity Proqrams (MSIP) by Robert G. Bea 1992 SSC-366 Threshold Corrosion Fatique of Welded Shipbuilding Steels by G. H. Reynolds and J. A. Todd 1992 None Ship Structure Committee Publications - A Special Bibliography c-q f@lo7-s9
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SSC-367 - FATIGUE TECHNOLOGY ASSESS
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SHIP STRUCTURF COMMllTFF The SHIP S
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—.--— 1. Report No. 2. Gowotnmr
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FATIGUE TECHNOLOGY Assessment AND D
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6. FATIGUE STRESS HISTORY MODELS 6,
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APPENDICES A. REVIEW OF OCEAN ENVIR
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D. VORTEX SHEDDING AVOIDANCE AND FA
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LIST OF FIGURES (cent.) FIGURE TITL
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HOT-SPOT STRESS . The hot-spot stre
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QA/Qc : Quality Assurance/QualityCo
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND The
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general assessmentof fatiguewhile t
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2. OVERVIEW OF FATIGUE 2.1 FATIGUE
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2.2 FATIGUE ANALYSIS 2.2.1 Anal.vsi
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● Loads generated as affected by
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A deterministic method is sometimes
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1 APPLICATION OF NUMEROUS CYCLIC ST
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I MOBiLEANDSTATIONARY MARWE STRUCTU
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3. FATIGUE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS PARA
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and in-plane/out-of-planeangles,and
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the general quality of fabrication,
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3.2 REVIEW OF FATIGUE ANALYSIS PARA
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frequencies of interest, requiring
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● Reqular Waves in FrecjuencvDoma
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The finite element models of increa
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The stressmodel parametersdiscussed
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While API S-N curves are applicable
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DESIGN Osn40H rAnNsirsR8 FAMcA~ M P
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Primarily Affect .--------+’ & In
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MOTIONS MODEL — .—. ● ;LOADS
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loa 1 10 -— — — -t-i-nT 1[ -t
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4. GLOBAL REVIEW OF FATIGUE 4.1 APP
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An allowable stress method, also co
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esults of work covering assessment
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location. Thus, the method should b
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1. SDectral FaticlueAnalvsis Althou
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2. Weibull AtIDroach The Weibull sh
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energy about the central direction
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Although considered to be an emergi
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many design rules implement this ap
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Detailed Anal.vsisMethods The detai
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The DnV X-curve and the DEn Guidanc
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ending restrictions. Cruciform and
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period, are also designed tomeet th
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incorporates inspection-strategy(Re
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‘Thereare numerous finite element
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LOCATIONs oF FATIGUE CMCKS Figure 4
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TW=’T ——— ———___ __ r
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1 —. — — — — -.. - .. - .
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TOP[C U.K.DEPARTMENTOF ENERGY(OEn)
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:1 U.K.DEPARTMENTOF ENERGY(DEn) AME
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TOPIC U.K.DEPARTMENJOFEIWRGV(oEn) O
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5. FATIGUE STRESS MODELS 5.1 REVIEW
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● The water particle kinematicsar
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“radiation pressure” of waves,
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influence on the applied loading. H
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their function, selecting appropria
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hydrostatic stiffness is introduced
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structure is unique and an allowabl
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loads directly. Since the diffracti
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typically from 0.6 to 0.8 and 1.5 t
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therefore be defined uniformly alon
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load analysisof adetailed three-dim
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esponsesare required , or where con
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either multiple stick elements (for
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Braces may have stubs or cones, whi
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Whatever the basis for an empirical
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The SCF equations currently in use
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life. During the comprehensive desi
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?.s I z - ]LEvE~ ~ 1,5 \ i i+ 11 Is
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-. Figure 5-5 Comparison of Detaile
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( -t ) ( T-JOINT Y-JOINT ( \ I / K-
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SMEDLEY-WORDSWORTH 0 d =— = D 600
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Wave Records Older wave and wind in
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In many cases wind informationmay b
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q = 3.3 s = 0.07, for f< fm s = 0.0
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Seasonal Variation The annual wave
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4. ~arpkaya spreading. (Reference 6
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~. \“ life of a structure,cannot
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6.3 TIME-DOMAIN ANALYSES Nonlinear
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The wave environmentdefinitionsbase
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.,..,, ....- ., ;., .. .... .- .. .
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● Fatiguetest data should be care
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assessmentis typically identifiedas
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damage accumulation similar to that
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“FabricationRestrictions Fabricat
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Fatigue strength of a tubular joint
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Current recommendations,rules and s
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n NB=T 1 [p=+pi Ei . ‘c where: NB
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(2) Damage computation does not acc
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DNB = (f. T/K) (2/2 U)m r (f+ 1) wh
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interactionof multiple fatigue crac
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amplitude loading and loading seque
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n“ CAP PASSES ROOT = * { A A 4 I
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It should be pointed out that the e
Page 192 and 193: v= flow velocity normal to the cyli
Page 194 and 195: 8.4 METHODS OF MINIMIZING VORTEX SH
Page 196 and 197: Ra < S REGIME OF UNSE?ARATE~ FLOW 5
Page 198 and 199: ages. The designer has no control o
Page 200 and 201: failure data on various structures,
Page 202 and 203: connections, knife edge crossings,
Page 204 and 205: 9.3.1 Fabrication Effects The fatig
Page 206 and 207: ● Controlled Erosion An alternate
Page 208 and 209: after a given number of stress cycl
Page 210 and 211: A second pass with polishingdisc is
Page 212 and 213: others. Extensive analytical and ex
Page 214 and 215: d) Stress SDectrum Hot-spot stresse
Page 216 and 217: Cumulativefatiguedamagecomputations
Page 218 and 219: as a parametric study intended to i
Page 220 and 221: Additional areas requiring further
Page 222 and 223: GROUP Modification of Weld Profile
Page 224 and 225: 400 ‘,, . . 350 - I I 300r [ ~ ,0
Page 226 and 227: TOPIC SUBJECT INVESTIGATOR COMPLETI
Page 228 and 229: 3.1 Soyak, J. F., Caldwell, J. W.,
Page 230 and 231: 4.12 Daidola, J.C., and Basar, N.S.
Page 232 and 233: 5.4 Papanikolaou,A. and Zaraphoniti
Page 234 and 235: 5.21 -”’ ” ”---”---”
Page 236 and 237: “7.2 Jordan, C.R., and Cochran, C
Page 238 and 239: 7.19 Niemi, E.J., “FatigueTests o
Page 240 and 241: 9.1 Skaar, K.T., “ContributingFac
Page 244 and 245: U.S.Department of Transportation Un
Page 246 and 247: Member Agencies: United States Coas
Page 248 and 249: ‘ METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS Appro
Page 250 and 251: APPENDIX A REVIEW OF OCEAN ENVIRONM
Page 252 and 253: The most distinctive feature-of a r
Page 254 and 255: s(w) = 2*(4*112) - For a “height
Page 256 and 257: common probability distributions, t
Page 258 and 259: T: v. Visually Observed Period, or
Page 260 and 261: The characteristic wave heights of
Page 262 and 263: H~ is the significantwave height, a
Page 264 and 265: a = 0.09, for UJ>wm The U value of
Page 266 and 267: H~ is the significant height, ‘m
Page 268 and 269: If the wind duration is less than t
Page 270 and 271: Sample Wave scatter Diagram s 12 +.
Page 272 and 273: Nm is the total number of waves in
Page 274 and 275: turbulence largely a function of te
Page 276 and 277: Applied Wind Speed Vz(t) ft/s (m/s)
Page 278 and 279: A.1O REFERENCES A*I Mechanics of Wa
Page 280: APPENDIX B REVIEW OF LINEAR SYSTEM
Page 283 and 284: Awhite noise function-may be used t
Page 285 and 286: Multiplication of the wave spectrum
Page 287 and 288: B.2.2.2 Response Amplitude Operator
Page 289 and 290: 0.2.3 Wave Spectra The wave spectru
Page 291 and 292: 9 is the acceleration of gravity in
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The following is..a. sample...of..a
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is the damping ratio,..the ratio of
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the set of extreme conditions, and
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A response scatter diagram could be
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2.4 2.2 2 1 ‘Sen &-”Swull$p~ctr
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L ‘2
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o Kuang (ReferenceCl) “ o Wordswo
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C.2 STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR EQU
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C.3 PARAMETRIC STUDY RESULTS . C.3.
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30. 2s , 20. 15. 10. 5. & wORDSWORT
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ChordSide Brace Side K-Joints SCFU
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Definition of Parameters, Validitv
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-, l— I + ?1 -— I . 4> a ,- I I
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Kuang SCF Computdion 1 L u UI \ f-
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., I , 1- out— FIano SCF m tg n I
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— 6 Smedley-Wordswoti SCF Computa
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T ln— Plan- SCF CrOwn POsltlon o
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C.3.l(C) Kuang Chord SCF’S for T-
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5 Kuang SCF Computation 4 IL u M 3
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C.3.l(d) Smedley-WordsworthChord SC
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. ,i 5 Smedley-Wordsworth SCF Compu
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I I K Out— Plan= SCF —— Saddl
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- 10 Smedley-Wordsworth SCFComputat
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‘\, ?v x out— Plan- SCF ——
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C.3.2(a) Kuang Chord SCF’S for T-
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KuwqSE _im T-joint In%neW UrrdSicko
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C.3.2(b) Smedley-HordsworthChord SC
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T-joint Axial SF Saddle Posiiim
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-— T-joint CtkuHlane ELFSaddlePci
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I 1 1 1 1 ~. l~o ~ ha= 1s0 : ~. ~J
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1 ! ! O.fi ;0.762 %841 0,769 O,= !0
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Ikrdwth-kdlw SF l%quiaiifm K-joint
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hdsmthqwdhy W Camputatim l-joint Ax
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Ejrnnt flkf+lane SF SaddlePmitim ~,
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MAXIMUM PRINCIPAL STRESS SCF = ----
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‘-W, .\ I Ill I : II m -,, !) .
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’ \./ ““’ w~”mm m ““-
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. . I Column L’ Longitudinal Gird
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C.8 Underwater Engineering Group,
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APPENDIX D VORTEX SHEDDING AVOIDANC
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a an b d f“ f ar f~ ‘bmax f~ fn
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D. VORTEX SHEDDING 0.1. INTRODUCTIO
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Vortex Shedding Frequency (f”) fv
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waves. When only isolated members u
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member’s nominal diameter and thi
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\Lf-! of cycles. Thus, the reduced
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s ; J steady current, by substituti
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Step 3: Obtain a new valueof 1/10 b
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vortex shedding will occur, i.e., V
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h. The fatigue life may -be modifie
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NOTE: The relationship given is bas
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CELL C7: KINEMATIC VISCOSITY = U CE
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COLUMN N: THE STRESS AMPLITUDE IS C
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D.8.3 Devices and Spoilers Devices
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D*9 REFERENCES D.1 King, R., “A R
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Fint Insmbility Rtgion I !%mmd Inat
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.—____ *U.S. E.P.O. :1993-343-273
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COMMllTEE ON MARINE STRUCTURES Comm
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4!! . ,—.-.,
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