ssc-367 - Ship Structure Committee

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—.--— 1. Report No. 2. Gowotnmrnt AcenszIon Na. T*chnical 3. Rompiqnt’s Cataiog No. I?cport Documentation Fagc 4. T,tle and $ubti~i= I FATIGUEDESIGNPROCEDURES 5. ROport Dot. June1992 6. Perfoming Organl*at~en coda 7. Authds) 8. Porfeming Orgonitatien Report No. CuneytC.Capanoglu s.performing Or~mizotion Nemo rnd Addro~c SR-1324 12. Spontsrinq A90ncy Namo and Addr**s Is,suppi~mentary Not*~ EARLAND WRIGHT 180HowardStreet SanFrancisco, CA 94105 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) 11.co~timet or Grant No. DTCG23-88-C-2~29 1s.TYP- et Rwport ad Period Covormd ShipStructure Committee U.S.CoastGuard(G-M) 2100 SecondStreet, SW Washington,DC 20593 1d.Sponsoring A9cnty Cod. SponsoredbytheShipStructure Committeeanditsmembersagencies. FiialRepo~ G-M 16. Abstract Thisreponprovidesanup-todateassessmentoffatigue technology, directed specifically toward themarineindustry. A comprehensive overviewoffatigue analysis anddesign,aglobalreviewof fatioueincluding rulesandregulations andcurrentpractices, anda fatigueanalysis anddesign criteria, areprovidedasa generalguideline tofatigue assessment.A detailed discussion ofall fatigueparametersisgroupedunderthreeanalysis blocks: ● ● ● Fatiguestressmodel,covering environmental forces, structuresponseandloading, stress responseamplitudeoperations (RAOS)andhot-spot stresses Fatiguestresshistory modelcoveringlong-term distribution ofenvironmental loading Fatigueresistance ofstructures anddamageassessmentmathodolo@es Theanalysesanddesignparametersthataffectfatigue assessmentarediscussedtogetherwith uncertainties andresearchgaps,toprovideabasisfordeveloping strategies forfatigue avoidance. Additional in-depthdiscussions ofwave environmt,stressconcentration factors,etc.are presentedintheappendixes. 17. Key Word, Assessmentoffatigue technology, fatioue stressmdels,fatigue stresshistory models,$atigue resistance, fatioueparamatefs andfatigue avoidancestrategies 19. S* Curity ciassil. (of this toport) FormDOT F 1700.7(8G721 UnCJSssifiarj .+ I ~. SOcutity CII lB. Distribution $tot~~t Available from: National TechnicalInformation Serv. U.S.DepartmentofCommerce Springfield, VA 22151 1.(*f thi c p~o) 21.No. of Pegms Unclassified R=ptoductian O{ compktad page authorized 194 EXCI. Appendixes 22. Pri =~
-. —---- —-...–. . COMVEflSION FACTORS Apprmimat, Conversions toMeiricMmsures m — C4 Approxinmta Conversionsfrom Mstric Mcasutes WlwnVW Mnow Multiply b~ —- C4 Symbol Wlmt Yom Know Muhirlf by la Find LENGTH ,,,,,’ in h Vd mi in2 ~2 d mi 2 02 lb tap rkap N a= c P1 qt LENGTH “2.5 30 0.9 I .e AREA squwc inches 6.6 square feet 0.0s cquam yards OJJ mqusmmiles 2.6 ■clmm 0.4 Oumcea 26 -~ 0,45 Cflai tam 0.9 12000 lb} cenlimslera centimwmc mmers kitmneters mquwe Centilrwws Wplwa matO1!J cqume inmrs aqunre kilcmetems hectwea cm cm m km *2 ~2 ~2 km2 hm MASS {wtight] —- = VOLUME t*mspnns 5 Iab!eapwms 15 lfukt Cslnces 30 cups 0.24 pints 0.4? qumta 0.95 gallons 3.6 cubic hat 0.03 cubic yards 0,16 grcnls kil~ann tmmes milliliters milliliters milliliters !itels liters Iilers liters cubic mews cubic rnmers n kg t ml ml ml 1 I ) I ~3 ~? —: - — — —- —. —. m . a c- m m — . —- —- — —- — — — — m C4 0 Oi m c- w mm cm km m km 9 kg t n-d I t I m’ ~3 miIlinw[ws 0.04 canlimmlera 0,4 maters 3.3 Mstara 1.1 hikmwters 0.6 AREA sqtmr.s intimaters 0.t6 equmrs matam 1.2 squsre kilowlem 0.4 hactamt ~10,OCSIn?) 2.6 MASS ~waight] gram3 0.033 wagramm 2.2 tmlms{loal kg) 1.1 VOLUME millilitcms 0.03 liters 2.1 Iilars 1.06 Iiwm 0.26 cubic maters 35 cubic nwlers 1.3 TEMPERATURE [mwet] inches inclces fear yank miles in in rt yd mi sqcme inches in2 equw. ymcls & squw* milas mi2 mxas amca pOLsur, dmrt m Icmm fluid ounces piwCc quacta 02 lb fl Oz m qt gctkma gsl cubic led fta cubic yalds vd3 TEMPERATWIE ‘F Fehmnheit 5/9 (atCar tempamture scdmacling 321 {exmtj Celsius ten-mma twe .1 in : 2.54 lEIIacllyl. Fw olher ● xacl converswm and more #i?4a#Id tables. see NBS hl,sc. P, b!J1.286, Unts d We,ghts ❑wltdeasures, PTece$2.25, SD Catatog No. C13.102O6. “c Celsius 9/6 (then tampefmclra add 32) Mwanhail *F tsmpmatum ‘F ‘f 32 9e.6 2r2 -40 0 40 80 I20 160 zm l,, ,,, ;.:l’ll,l{ l’; I 4 # I * I 1 * 1 1 1 1 I -:: -20 0 20 40 60 “ eo ion 3-r @c
Page 1: SSC-367 - FATIGUE TECHNOLOGY ASSESS
Page 4 and 5: SHIP STRUCTURF COMMllTFF The SHIP S
Page 8 and 9: FATIGUE TECHNOLOGY Assessment AND D
Page 10 and 11: 6. FATIGUE STRESS HISTORY MODELS 6,
Page 12 and 13: APPENDICES A. REVIEW OF OCEAN ENVIR
Page 14 and 15: D. VORTEX SHEDDING AVOIDANCE AND FA
Page 16 and 17: LIST OF FIGURES (cent.) FIGURE TITL
Page 18 and 19: HOT-SPOT STRESS . The hot-spot stre
Page 20 and 21: QA/Qc : Quality Assurance/QualityCo
Page 22 and 23: 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND The
Page 24 and 25: general assessmentof fatiguewhile t
Page 26 and 27: 2. OVERVIEW OF FATIGUE 2.1 FATIGUE
Page 28 and 29: 2.2 FATIGUE ANALYSIS 2.2.1 Anal.vsi
Page 30 and 31: ● Loads generated as affected by
Page 32 and 33: A deterministic method is sometimes
Page 34 and 35: 1 APPLICATION OF NUMEROUS CYCLIC ST
Page 36 and 37: I MOBiLEANDSTATIONARY MARWE STRUCTU
Page 38 and 39: 3. FATIGUE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS PARA
Page 40 and 41: and in-plane/out-of-planeangles,and
Page 42 and 43: the general quality of fabrication,
Page 44 and 45: 3.2 REVIEW OF FATIGUE ANALYSIS PARA
Page 46 and 47: frequencies of interest, requiring
Page 48 and 49: ● Reqular Waves in FrecjuencvDoma
Page 50 and 51: The finite element models of increa
Page 52 and 53: The stressmodel parametersdiscussed
Page 54 and 55: While API S-N curves are applicable
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DESIGN Osn40H rAnNsirsR8 FAMcA~ M P
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Primarily Affect .--------+’ & In
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MOTIONS MODEL — .—. ● ;LOADS
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loa 1 10 -— — — -t-i-nT 1[ -t
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4. GLOBAL REVIEW OF FATIGUE 4.1 APP
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An allowable stress method, also co
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esults of work covering assessment
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location. Thus, the method should b
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1. SDectral FaticlueAnalvsis Althou
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2. Weibull AtIDroach The Weibull sh
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energy about the central direction
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Although considered to be an emergi
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many design rules implement this ap
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Detailed Anal.vsisMethods The detai
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The DnV X-curve and the DEn Guidanc
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ending restrictions. Cruciform and
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period, are also designed tomeet th
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incorporates inspection-strategy(Re
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‘Thereare numerous finite element
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LOCATIONs oF FATIGUE CMCKS Figure 4
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TW=’T ——— ———___ __ r
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1 —. — — — — -.. - .. - .
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TOP[C U.K.DEPARTMENTOF ENERGY(OEn)
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:1 U.K.DEPARTMENTOF ENERGY(DEn) AME
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TOPIC U.K.DEPARTMENJOFEIWRGV(oEn) O
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5. FATIGUE STRESS MODELS 5.1 REVIEW
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● The water particle kinematicsar
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“radiation pressure” of waves,
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influence on the applied loading. H
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their function, selecting appropria
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hydrostatic stiffness is introduced
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structure is unique and an allowabl
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loads directly. Since the diffracti
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typically from 0.6 to 0.8 and 1.5 t
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therefore be defined uniformly alon
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load analysisof adetailed three-dim
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esponsesare required , or where con
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either multiple stick elements (for
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Braces may have stubs or cones, whi
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Whatever the basis for an empirical
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The SCF equations currently in use
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life. During the comprehensive desi
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?.s I z - ]LEvE~ ~ 1,5 \ i i+ 11 Is
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-. Figure 5-5 Comparison of Detaile
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( -t ) ( T-JOINT Y-JOINT ( \ I / K-
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SMEDLEY-WORDSWORTH 0 d =— = D 600
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Wave Records Older wave and wind in
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In many cases wind informationmay b
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q = 3.3 s = 0.07, for f< fm s = 0.0
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Seasonal Variation The annual wave
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4. ~arpkaya spreading. (Reference 6
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~. \“ life of a structure,cannot
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6.3 TIME-DOMAIN ANALYSES Nonlinear
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The wave environmentdefinitionsbase
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.,..,, ....- ., ;., .. .... .- .. .
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● Fatiguetest data should be care
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assessmentis typically identifiedas
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damage accumulation similar to that
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“FabricationRestrictions Fabricat
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Fatigue strength of a tubular joint
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Current recommendations,rules and s
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n NB=T 1 [p=+pi Ei . ‘c where: NB
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(2) Damage computation does not acc
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DNB = (f. T/K) (2/2 U)m r (f+ 1) wh
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interactionof multiple fatigue crac
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amplitude loading and loading seque
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n“ CAP PASSES ROOT = * { A A 4 I
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It should be pointed out that the e
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v= flow velocity normal to the cyli
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8.4 METHODS OF MINIMIZING VORTEX SH
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Ra < S REGIME OF UNSE?ARATE~ FLOW 5
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ages. The designer has no control o
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failure data on various structures,
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connections, knife edge crossings,
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9.3.1 Fabrication Effects The fatig
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● Controlled Erosion An alternate
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after a given number of stress cycl
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A second pass with polishingdisc is
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others. Extensive analytical and ex
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d) Stress SDectrum Hot-spot stresse
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Cumulativefatiguedamagecomputations
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as a parametric study intended to i
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Additional areas requiring further
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GROUP Modification of Weld Profile
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400 ‘,, . . 350 - I I 300r [ ~ ,0
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TOPIC SUBJECT INVESTIGATOR COMPLETI
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3.1 Soyak, J. F., Caldwell, J. W.,
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4.12 Daidola, J.C., and Basar, N.S.
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5.4 Papanikolaou,A. and Zaraphoniti
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5.21 -”’ ” ”---”---”
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“7.2 Jordan, C.R., and Cochran, C
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7.19 Niemi, E.J., “FatigueTests o
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9.1 Skaar, K.T., “ContributingFac
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COMMllTEE ON MARINE STRUCTURES Comm
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U.S.Department of Transportation Un
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Member Agencies: United States Coas
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‘ METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS Appro
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APPENDIX A REVIEW OF OCEAN ENVIRONM
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The most distinctive feature-of a r
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s(w) = 2*(4*112) - For a “height
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common probability distributions, t
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T: v. Visually Observed Period, or
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The characteristic wave heights of
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H~ is the significantwave height, a
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a = 0.09, for UJ>wm The U value of
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H~ is the significant height, ‘m
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If the wind duration is less than t
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Sample Wave scatter Diagram s 12 +.
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Nm is the total number of waves in
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turbulence largely a function of te
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Applied Wind Speed Vz(t) ft/s (m/s)
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A.1O REFERENCES A*I Mechanics of Wa
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APPENDIX B REVIEW OF LINEAR SYSTEM
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Awhite noise function-may be used t
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Multiplication of the wave spectrum
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B.2.2.2 Response Amplitude Operator
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0.2.3 Wave Spectra The wave spectru
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9 is the acceleration of gravity in
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The following is..a. sample...of..a
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is the damping ratio,..the ratio of
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the set of extreme conditions, and
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A response scatter diagram could be
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2.4 2.2 2 1 ‘Sen &-”Swull$p~ctr
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L ‘2
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o Kuang (ReferenceCl) “ o Wordswo
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C.2 STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR EQU
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C.3 PARAMETRIC STUDY RESULTS . C.3.
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30. 2s , 20. 15. 10. 5. & wORDSWORT
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ChordSide Brace Side K-Joints SCFU
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Definition of Parameters, Validitv
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-, l— I + ?1 -— I . 4> a ,- I I
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Kuang SCF Computdion 1 L u UI \ f-
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., I , 1- out— FIano SCF m tg n I
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— 6 Smedley-Wordswoti SCF Computa
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T ln— Plan- SCF CrOwn POsltlon o
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C.3.l(C) Kuang Chord SCF’S for T-
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5 Kuang SCF Computation 4 IL u M 3
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C.3.l(d) Smedley-WordsworthChord SC
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. ,i 5 Smedley-Wordsworth SCF Compu
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I I K Out— Plan= SCF —— Saddl
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- 10 Smedley-Wordsworth SCFComputat
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‘\, ?v x out— Plan- SCF ——
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C.3.2(a) Kuang Chord SCF’S for T-
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KuwqSE _im T-joint In%neW UrrdSicko
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C.3.2(b) Smedley-HordsworthChord SC
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T-joint Axial SF Saddle Posiiim
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-— T-joint CtkuHlane ELFSaddlePci
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I 1 1 1 1 ~. l~o ~ ha= 1s0 : ~. ~J
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1 ! ! O.fi ;0.762 %841 0,769 O,= !0
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Ikrdwth-kdlw SF l%quiaiifm K-joint
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hdsmthqwdhy W Camputatim l-joint Ax
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Ejrnnt flkf+lane SF SaddlePmitim ~,
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MAXIMUM PRINCIPAL STRESS SCF = ----
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‘-W, .\ I Ill I : II m -,, !) .
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’ \./ ““’ w~”mm m ““-
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. . I Column L’ Longitudinal Gird
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C.8 Underwater Engineering Group,
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APPENDIX D VORTEX SHEDDING AVOIDANC
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a an b d f“ f ar f~ ‘bmax f~ fn
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D. VORTEX SHEDDING 0.1. INTRODUCTIO
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Vortex Shedding Frequency (f”) fv
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waves. When only isolated members u
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member’s nominal diameter and thi
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\Lf-! of cycles. Thus, the reduced
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s ; J steady current, by substituti
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Step 3: Obtain a new valueof 1/10 b
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vortex shedding will occur, i.e., V
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h. The fatigue life may -be modifie
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NOTE: The relationship given is bas
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CELL C7: KINEMATIC VISCOSITY = U CE
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COLUMN N: THE STRESS AMPLITUDE IS C
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D.8.3 Devices and Spoilers Devices
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D*9 REFERENCES D.1 King, R., “A R
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Fint Insmbility Rtgion I !%mmd Inat
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.—____ *U.S. E.P.O. :1993-343-273
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COMMllTEE ON MARINE STRUCTURES Comm
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4!! . ,—.-.,
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