ssc-367 - Ship Structure Committee

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COMMllTEE ON MARINE STRUCTURES Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council The COMMITTEE ON MARINE STRUCTURES has technical cognizance over the interagency Structure Committee’s research program. Peter M. Palermo Chairman, Alexandria, VA Mark Y. Berman, Amoco Production Company, Tulsa, OK Subrata K. Chakrabarti, Chicago Bridge and Iron, Plainfield, IL Rolf D. Glasfeld, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT William H. Hartt, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL Alexander B. Stavovy, National Research Council, Washington, DC Stephen E. Sharpe, Ship Structure Committee, Washington, DC LOADS WORK GROUP Subrata K. Chakrabarti Chairman, Chicago Bridge and Iron Company, Plainfield, IL Howard M. Bunch, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml Peter A. Gale, John J. McMullen Associates, Arlington, VA Hsien Yun Jan, Martech Incorporated, Neshanic Station, NJ Naresh Maniar, M. Rosenblatt & Son, Incorporated, New York, NY Solomon C. S. Yim, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR MATERIALS WORK GROUP William H. Hartt Chairman, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL Santiago Ibarra, Jr., Amoco Corporation, Naperville, IL John Landes, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Barbara A. Shaw, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA James M. Sawhill, Jr., Newport News Shipbuilding, Newport News, VA Bruce R. Somers, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA Jerry G. Williams, Conoco, Inc,, Ponca City, OK C-3 *~117 LS7 /
SHIP STRUCTURE COMMITTEE PUBLICATIONS SSC-351 An Introduction to Structural Reliability Theorv by Alaa E. Mansour 1990 SSC-352 Marine Structural Steel Touqhness Data Bank by J. G. Kaufman and M. Prager 1990 SSC-353 Analysis of Wave Characteristics in Extreme Seas by William H. Buckley 1989 SSC-354 SSC-355 SSC-356 SSC-357 SSC-358 SSC-359 SSC-360 SSC-361 SSC-362 SSC-363 SSC-364 SSC-365 SSC-366 None Structural Redundancy for Discrete and Continuous Svstems by P. K. Das and J. F. Garside 1990 Relation of Inspection Findinqs to Fatique Reliability by M. Shirmzuka 1989 Fatique Performance Under Multiaxial Loai by Karl A. Stambaugh, Paul R. Van Mater, Jr., and William H. Munse 1990 Carbon Equivalence and Weldability of Microalloyed Steels by C. D. Lundin, T. P.S. Gill, C. Y. P. Qiao, Y. Wang, and K. K. Kang 1990 Structural Behavior After Fatique by Brian N. Leis 1987 Hydrodynamic Hull Dampina (Phase 1~by V. Ankudinov 1987 Use of Fiber Reinforced Plastic in Marine Structures by Eric Greene 1990 Hull Strappinq of Shim by Nedret S. Basar and Roderick B. Hulls 1990 Shipboard Wave Heiqht Sensor by R. Atwater 1990 Uncertainties in Stress Analysis on Marine Structures by E. Nikolaidis and P. Kaplan 1991 Inelastic Deformation of Plate Panels by Eric Jennings, Kim Grubbs, Charles Zanis, and Louis Raymond 1991 Marine Structural Inteqrity Proqrams (MSIP) by Robert G. Bea 1992 Threshold Corrosion Fatique of Welded Shipbuilding Steels by G. H. Reynolds and J. A. Todd 1992 Ship Structure Committee Publications - A Special Bibliography
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SSC-367 - FATIGUE TECHNOLOGY ASSESS
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SHIP STRUCTURF COMMllTFF The SHIP S
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—.--— 1. Report No. 2. Gowotnmr
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FATIGUE TECHNOLOGY Assessment AND D
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6. FATIGUE STRESS HISTORY MODELS 6,
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APPENDICES A. REVIEW OF OCEAN ENVIR
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D. VORTEX SHEDDING AVOIDANCE AND FA
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LIST OF FIGURES (cent.) FIGURE TITL
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HOT-SPOT STRESS . The hot-spot stre
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QA/Qc : Quality Assurance/QualityCo
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND The
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general assessmentof fatiguewhile t
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2. OVERVIEW OF FATIGUE 2.1 FATIGUE
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2.2 FATIGUE ANALYSIS 2.2.1 Anal.vsi
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● Loads generated as affected by
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A deterministic method is sometimes
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1 APPLICATION OF NUMEROUS CYCLIC ST
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I MOBiLEANDSTATIONARY MARWE STRUCTU
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3. FATIGUE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS PARA
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and in-plane/out-of-planeangles,and
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the general quality of fabrication,
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3.2 REVIEW OF FATIGUE ANALYSIS PARA
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frequencies of interest, requiring
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● Reqular Waves in FrecjuencvDoma
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The finite element models of increa
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The stressmodel parametersdiscussed
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While API S-N curves are applicable
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DESIGN Osn40H rAnNsirsR8 FAMcA~ M P
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Primarily Affect .--------+’ & In
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MOTIONS MODEL — .—. ● ;LOADS
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loa 1 10 -— — — -t-i-nT 1[ -t
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4. GLOBAL REVIEW OF FATIGUE 4.1 APP
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An allowable stress method, also co
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esults of work covering assessment
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location. Thus, the method should b
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1. SDectral FaticlueAnalvsis Althou
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2. Weibull AtIDroach The Weibull sh
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energy about the central direction
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Although considered to be an emergi
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many design rules implement this ap
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Detailed Anal.vsisMethods The detai
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The DnV X-curve and the DEn Guidanc
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ending restrictions. Cruciform and
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period, are also designed tomeet th
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incorporates inspection-strategy(Re
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‘Thereare numerous finite element
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LOCATIONs oF FATIGUE CMCKS Figure 4
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TW=’T ——— ———___ __ r
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1 —. — — — — -.. - .. - .
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TOP[C U.K.DEPARTMENTOF ENERGY(OEn)
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:1 U.K.DEPARTMENTOF ENERGY(DEn) AME
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TOPIC U.K.DEPARTMENJOFEIWRGV(oEn) O
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5. FATIGUE STRESS MODELS 5.1 REVIEW
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● The water particle kinematicsar
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“radiation pressure” of waves,
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influence on the applied loading. H
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their function, selecting appropria
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hydrostatic stiffness is introduced
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structure is unique and an allowabl
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loads directly. Since the diffracti
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typically from 0.6 to 0.8 and 1.5 t
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therefore be defined uniformly alon
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load analysisof adetailed three-dim
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esponsesare required , or where con
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either multiple stick elements (for
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Braces may have stubs or cones, whi
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Whatever the basis for an empirical
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The SCF equations currently in use
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life. During the comprehensive desi
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?.s I z - ]LEvE~ ~ 1,5 \ i i+ 11 Is
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-. Figure 5-5 Comparison of Detaile
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( -t ) ( T-JOINT Y-JOINT ( \ I / K-
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SMEDLEY-WORDSWORTH 0 d =— = D 600
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Wave Records Older wave and wind in
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In many cases wind informationmay b
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q = 3.3 s = 0.07, for f< fm s = 0.0
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Seasonal Variation The annual wave
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4. ~arpkaya spreading. (Reference 6
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~. \“ life of a structure,cannot
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6.3 TIME-DOMAIN ANALYSES Nonlinear
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The wave environmentdefinitionsbase
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.,..,, ....- ., ;., .. .... .- .. .
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● Fatiguetest data should be care
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assessmentis typically identifiedas
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damage accumulation similar to that
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“FabricationRestrictions Fabricat
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Fatigue strength of a tubular joint
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Current recommendations,rules and s
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n NB=T 1 [p=+pi Ei . ‘c where: NB
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(2) Damage computation does not acc
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DNB = (f. T/K) (2/2 U)m r (f+ 1) wh
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interactionof multiple fatigue crac
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amplitude loading and loading seque
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n“ CAP PASSES ROOT = * { A A 4 I
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It should be pointed out that the e
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v= flow velocity normal to the cyli
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8.4 METHODS OF MINIMIZING VORTEX SH
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Ra < S REGIME OF UNSE?ARATE~ FLOW 5
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ages. The designer has no control o
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failure data on various structures,
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connections, knife edge crossings,
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9.3.1 Fabrication Effects The fatig
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● Controlled Erosion An alternate
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after a given number of stress cycl
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A second pass with polishingdisc is
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others. Extensive analytical and ex
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d) Stress SDectrum Hot-spot stresse
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Cumulativefatiguedamagecomputations
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as a parametric study intended to i
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Additional areas requiring further
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GROUP Modification of Weld Profile
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400 ‘,, . . 350 - I I 300r [ ~ ,0
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TOPIC SUBJECT INVESTIGATOR COMPLETI
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3.1 Soyak, J. F., Caldwell, J. W.,
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4.12 Daidola, J.C., and Basar, N.S.
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5.4 Papanikolaou,A. and Zaraphoniti
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5.21 -”’ ” ”---”---”
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“7.2 Jordan, C.R., and Cochran, C
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7.19 Niemi, E.J., “FatigueTests o
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9.1 Skaar, K.T., “ContributingFac
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COMMllTEE ON MARINE STRUCTURES Comm
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U.S.Department of Transportation Un
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Member Agencies: United States Coas
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‘ METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS Appro
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APPENDIX A REVIEW OF OCEAN ENVIRONM
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The most distinctive feature-of a r
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s(w) = 2*(4*112) - For a “height
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common probability distributions, t
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T: v. Visually Observed Period, or
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The characteristic wave heights of
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H~ is the significantwave height, a
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a = 0.09, for UJ>wm The U value of
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H~ is the significant height, ‘m
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If the wind duration is less than t
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Sample Wave scatter Diagram s 12 +.
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Nm is the total number of waves in
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turbulence largely a function of te
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Applied Wind Speed Vz(t) ft/s (m/s)
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A.1O REFERENCES A*I Mechanics of Wa
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APPENDIX B REVIEW OF LINEAR SYSTEM
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Awhite noise function-may be used t
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Multiplication of the wave spectrum
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B.2.2.2 Response Amplitude Operator
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0.2.3 Wave Spectra The wave spectru
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9 is the acceleration of gravity in
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The following is..a. sample...of..a
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is the damping ratio,..the ratio of
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the set of extreme conditions, and
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A response scatter diagram could be
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2.4 2.2 2 1 ‘Sen &-”Swull$p~ctr
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L ‘2
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o Kuang (ReferenceCl) “ o Wordswo
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C.2 STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR EQU
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C.3 PARAMETRIC STUDY RESULTS . C.3.
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30. 2s , 20. 15. 10. 5. & wORDSWORT
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ChordSide Brace Side K-Joints SCFU
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Definition of Parameters, Validitv
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-, l— I + ?1 -— I . 4> a ,- I I
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Kuang SCF Computdion 1 L u UI \ f-
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., I , 1- out— FIano SCF m tg n I
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— 6 Smedley-Wordswoti SCF Computa
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T ln— Plan- SCF CrOwn POsltlon o
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C.3.l(C) Kuang Chord SCF’S for T-
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5 Kuang SCF Computation 4 IL u M 3
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C.3.l(d) Smedley-WordsworthChord SC
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. ,i 5 Smedley-Wordsworth SCF Compu
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I I K Out— Plan= SCF —— Saddl
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- 10 Smedley-Wordsworth SCFComputat
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‘\, ?v x out— Plan- SCF ——
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C.3.2(a) Kuang Chord SCF’S for T-
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KuwqSE _im T-joint In%neW UrrdSicko
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C.3.2(b) Smedley-HordsworthChord SC
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T-joint Axial SF Saddle Posiiim
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-— T-joint CtkuHlane ELFSaddlePci
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I 1 1 1 1 ~. l~o ~ ha= 1s0 : ~. ~J
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1 ! ! O.fi ;0.762 %841 0,769 O,= !0
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Ikrdwth-kdlw SF l%quiaiifm K-joint
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Page 360 and 361: Ejrnnt flkf+lane SF SaddlePmitim ~,
Page 362 and 363: MAXIMUM PRINCIPAL STRESS SCF = ----
Page 364 and 365: ‘-W, .\ I Ill I : II m -,, !) .
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Page 368 and 369: . . I Column L’ Longitudinal Gird
Page 370 and 371: C.8 Underwater Engineering Group,
Page 372 and 373: APPENDIX D VORTEX SHEDDING AVOIDANC
Page 374 and 375: a an b d f“ f ar f~ ‘bmax f~ fn
Page 376 and 377: D. VORTEX SHEDDING 0.1. INTRODUCTIO
Page 378 and 379: Vortex Shedding Frequency (f”) fv
Page 380 and 381: waves. When only isolated members u
Page 382 and 383: member’s nominal diameter and thi
Page 384 and 385: \Lf-! of cycles. Thus, the reduced
Page 386 and 387: s ; J steady current, by substituti
Page 388 and 389: Step 3: Obtain a new valueof 1/10 b
Page 390 and 391: vortex shedding will occur, i.e., V
Page 392 and 393: h. The fatigue life may -be modifie
Page 394 and 395: NOTE: The relationship given is bas
Page 396 and 397: CELL C7: KINEMATIC VISCOSITY = U CE
Page 398 and 399: COLUMN N: THE STRESS AMPLITUDE IS C
Page 400 and 401: D.8.3 Devices and Spoilers Devices
Page 402 and 403: D*9 REFERENCES D.1 King, R., “A R
Page 404 and 405: Fint Insmbility Rtgion I !%mmd Inat
Page 406 and 407: .—____ *U.S. E.P.O. :1993-343-273
Page 412: 4!! . ,—.-.,
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