European Journal of Medical Research - Deutsche AIDS ...
European Journal of Medical Research - Deutsche AIDS ...
European Journal of Medical Research - Deutsche AIDS ...
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June 27, 2007 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH<br />
115<br />
E.3 (Poster)<br />
Mechanisms <strong>of</strong> HIV–1 resistance to a<br />
membrane-bound entry inhibitor<br />
Hermann F. 1 , Lohrengel S. 2 , Dittmar M. 2 , Dietrich U. 1 ,<br />
von Laer D. 1<br />
1 Georg-Speyer-Haus, Angewandte Virologie und Gentherapie,<br />
Frankfurt, Germany, 2 Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg,<br />
Hygiene-Institut, Heidelberg, Germany<br />
Objective: HIV entry into CD4 positive T cells is mediated<br />
by its trimeric envelope (env) surface protein. Env consists <strong>of</strong><br />
the receptor binding subunit gp120 and the transmembrane<br />
subunit gp41 which facilitates the fusion <strong>of</strong> viral and cellulare<br />
membrane. The process <strong>of</strong> virus binding and fusion is accompanied<br />
by extensive conformational rearrangements within<br />
the env protein. The conformational changes in gp41 lead to<br />
the formation <strong>of</strong> the 6-helix bundle, which is crucial for the<br />
fusion process. So called C-peptides (e.g. T-20), which are<br />
derived from gp41 are efficient inhibitors <strong>of</strong> viral fusion as<br />
they prevent 6-helix bundle formation. In our group a retroviral<br />
vector (M87o) has been developed encoding a membraneanchored<br />
C-peptide (maC46). maC46 is highly active even<br />
against T-20 resistant virus strains. It was the aim <strong>of</strong> this project<br />
to raise a maC46 resistant virus strain. The resistant virus<br />
was genetically as well as phenotypically analyzed.<br />
Methods: The CCR5-tropic virus strain BaL sel. MD (resistant<br />
to a membrane-bound version <strong>of</strong> T-20) was passaged on<br />
different retroviraly transduced PM-1 T cell lines for more<br />
than 150 days, which expressed maC46 at increasing levels.<br />
The env gene sequence <strong>of</strong> the passaged virus was determined.<br />
The mutant env was used to pseudotype lentiviral vectors.<br />
The particles were used for various single round infection assays<br />
to analyse the mechanism <strong>of</strong> resistance.<br />
Results: The maC46 resistance <strong>of</strong> the selected virus was only<br />
weak (app. 5-7 times compared to the parental strain). 5 mutations<br />
leading to aa changes could be identified within the env<br />
gene <strong>of</strong> the passaged virus. 3 alteration within gp120 (I187;<br />
N305, E353) and 2 mutations in gp41 (V556, A579) could be<br />
found. The mutations within gp41 were not sufficient to produce<br />
the resistant phenotype. The selected virus shows an increased<br />
fusion kinetic, although coreceptor affinity is reduced.<br />
Conclusion: It has been previously reported the fusion kinetic<br />
influences the sensitivity <strong>of</strong> HIV to C-peptide fusion inhibitors,<br />
but this is the first time that it could be shown that HIV actually<br />
employs this mechanism to gain resistance. We could show that<br />
the some resistance mutation have a global effect and lie far<br />
away from the region which is targeted by maC46 within gp41.<br />
E.4 (Vortrag)<br />
Selection <strong>of</strong> peptides inhibiting different steps in<br />
the HIV-1 replication cycle from phage displayed<br />
peptide libraries<br />
Dietrich U. 1 , Dietz J. 1 , Hüther A. 1 , Dervillez X. 2 ,<br />
Kräusslich H.-G. 3 , Königs C. 4 , Humbert M. 5<br />
1 Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany, 2 Hôpital Pitié<br />
Salpêtrière, Paris, France, 3 University Clinics, Virology,<br />
Heidelberg, Germany, 4 JW Goethe University, Pediatrics III,<br />
Frankfurt, Germany, 5 Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston,<br />
United States <strong>of</strong> America<br />
Objectives: The aim <strong>of</strong> this study was the selection <strong>of</strong> peptide<br />
ligands for different viral and cellular targets in order to interfere<br />
with HIV-1 replication at various steps <strong>of</strong> the replication<br />
cycle.<br />
Methods: Recombinant target proteins for the selection <strong>of</strong><br />
peptide ligands were expressed in E. coli or eukaryotic cells.<br />
Peptide ligands for various immobilized targets were selected<br />
from phage displayed peptide libraries (NEN Biolabs) that express<br />
peptides <strong>of</strong> 7 or 12 amino acids in length in a linear or<br />
cyclic form fused to the phage pIII protein. Specificity <strong>of</strong><br />
binding <strong>of</strong> the selected phages was confirmed by ELISA and<br />
the peptide sequences were deduced from the corresponding<br />
nucleotide sequences <strong>of</strong> the phage genomes. The selected<br />
peptides were tested for antiviral activity against HIV-1 in<br />
functional cell culture assays (single round infection assays,<br />
marker gene transduction assays).<br />
Results: We could select peptide ligands for various target<br />
structures including HIV-neutralizing antibodies, the viral envelope<br />
protein gp120, the highly structured psi-RNA containing<br />
the packaging signal for viral genome encapsidation as<br />
well as for the multimerizing domain <strong>of</strong> Gag. Some <strong>of</strong> the<br />
peptide ligands were optimized by mutagenesis or their functionality<br />
was improved by multimerization. Functional analyses<br />
<strong>of</strong> the selected peptides revealed interference with HIV-1<br />
replication at different steps <strong>of</strong> the viral replication cycle (entry,<br />
packaging, multimerization) depending on the target<br />
structures used for selection.<br />
Conclusion: The selected peptides represent good candidates<br />
for the derivation <strong>of</strong> peptidic or non-peptidic antiviral molecules.<br />
E.5 (Vortrag)<br />
Novel role for HIV-1 transframe protein p6* in<br />
viral replication<br />
Leiherer A. 1 , Ludwig C. 1 , Wagner R. 1<br />
1 Universität Regensburg, Institut für Medizinsche<br />
Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Molekulare Mikrobiologie und<br />
Gentherapie, Regensburg, Germany<br />
Objective: The HIV-1 transframe protein p6* is encoded by<br />
the very 5´end <strong>of</strong> the pol gene and so its reading frame overlaps<br />
with p1 and p6 in the gag readingframe and the highly<br />
conserved ribosomal frameshift site. The p6* protein is located<br />
between nucleocapsid (NC) and protease (PR) in the Gagpol<br />
polyprotein precursor. Besides its aminotermius, also the<br />
carboxyterminal portion <strong>of</strong> p6* is highly conserved and has<br />
been reported to play a role in regulation <strong>of</strong> HIV-1 protease<br />
activation. Previously it has been suggested that the Nef protein,<br />
a key player <strong>of</strong> HIV-1 infectivity and progression to<br />
<strong>AIDS</strong>, binds to p6* to facilitate viral replication. This prompted<br />
us to analyze the role <strong>of</strong> p6* for HIV-1 replication.<br />
Methods: A panel <strong>of</strong> recombinant NL4-3-derived proviruses<br />
either containing or lacking nef was generated comprising<br />
clustered mutations throughout the p6* coding region without<br />
manipulating the gag open reading frame or affecting proper<br />
frameshifting or release <strong>of</strong> the viral protease. Besides, the role<br />
<strong>of</strong> a central p6* domain duplicated in the nef-negative virus<br />
HX10 was addressed by inserting this region into wild-type<br />
NL4-3. The effect <strong>of</strong> these mutations on viral infectivity and<br />
replication has been examined in cell culture.<br />
Results: Partially mutated p6* variants did not significantly<br />
influence viral infectivity or replication <strong>of</strong> the corresponding<br />
viruses. However, mutation <strong>of</strong> the entire p6* region decreased<br />
significantly viral infectivity irrespective <strong>of</strong> nef expression.<br />
Whereas this fully mutated p6* delayed the replication <strong>of</strong> nef-