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F Acronyms 2MASS 2 Micron All Sky Survey AAAC Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee AAAS American Association for the Advancement of Science AAG Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Grants AANM Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium AAPF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellows AAS American Astronomical Society ACS Advanced Camera for Surveys ACTA Atmospheric Čerenkov Telescope Array ADS Astrophysics Data System AdvLIGO Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory AFOSR Air Force Office of Scientific Research AGIS Advanced Gamma-ray Imaging System AGU American Geophysical Union ALFA Adaptive optics with a Laser for Astronomy ALMA Atacama Large Millimetre/Submillimeter Array ALTAIR Access to Large Telescopes for Astronomical Instruction and Research AMNH American Museum of Natural History AO Adaptive Optics AO Announcements of Opportunity APRA Astronomy and Physics Research and Analysis ApS Astrophysics Subcommittee APS American Physical Society ARAA Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics ARC Astrophysical Research Consortium ARCADE Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Diffuse Emission ARO Arizona Radio Observatory ARRA American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ASP Astronomical Society of the Pacific ATA Allen Telescope Array ATI Advanced Technologies and Instrumentation ATI Academic Technology Innovation Grant ATP Astrophysics Theory Program ATST Advanced Technology Solar Telescope AUI Associated Universities, Inc. AURA Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy BigBOSS Big Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey BLISS Background-Limited Infrared-Submillimeter Spectrograph BPA Board on Physics and Astronomy CAA Committee on Astronomy and Astrophysics CADC Canadian Astronomy Data Center CANGAROO Collaboration of Australia and Nippon (Japan) for a Gamma Ray Observatory in the Outback CARMA Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy CATE Cost Assessment and Technical Evaluation CCAT Cerro Chajnantor Atacama Telescope PREPUBLICATION COPY—SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION F-1
CFP CHIPSat CIP CGRO CMB CMU CoBRA Con-X CPSMA CSO CTA CTIO CXC DES DOE E-ELT EHT EoR EOS EPO ESA ESM ESO ESP EU EUVE EVLA FACA FASR FFAR FFRDC FGST FIRST FUSE GAIA GALEX GAN GBT GCT GEMS GMT GONG GRB GSMT HAO HEASARC HEGRA HEPAP HERA HESS HET Cosmology and Fundamental Physics Panel Cosmic Hot Interstellar Plasma Spectrometer Satellite Community Instrumentation Programs Compton Gamma Ray Observatory Cosmic Microwave Background Carnegie Mellon University Coherent Online Baseband Receiver for Astronomy Constellation-X Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics and Applications Caltech Submillimeter Observatory Čerenkov Telescope Array Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory Chandra X-ray Observatory Center Dark Energy Survey Department of Energy European Extremely Large Telescope Event Horizon Telescope Epoch of Reionoization Electromagnetic Observations from Space Panel Education and Public Outreach European Space Agency Electromagnetic Spectrum Management European Southern Observatory Education and Special Programs European Union Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer Expanded Very Large Array Federal Advisory Committee Act Frequency Agile Solar Radiotelescope Federal Funding of Astronomical Research Federally Funded Research and Development Center Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-one Centimeters Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer Graphical Astronomy and Image Analysis Galaxy Evolution Explorer Galactic Neighborhood Panel Green Bank Telescope Galaxies across Cosmic Time Panel Gravity & Extreme Magnetism SMEX Giant Magellan Telescope Global Oscillation Network Group Gamma Ray Burst Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope High Altitude Observatory High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy High Energy Physics Advisory Panel Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array High Energy Stereoscopic System Hobby-Eberly Telescope PREPUBLICATION COPY—SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION F-2
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PREPUBLICATION COPY
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fi
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COMMITTEE FOR A DECADAL SURVEY OF A
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Panel on Stars and Stellar Evolutio
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DOUGLAS FINKBEINER, Harvard Univers
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SPACE STUDIES BOARD CHARLES F. KENN
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activities 2 that have emerged from
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In addition to the 27 panel meeting
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Acknowledgment of Reviewers This re
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The Accelerating Universe 2-26 The
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APPENDIXES A Summary of Science Fro
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light up the universe, marking the
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RECOMMENDED PROGRAM Maintaining a b
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TABLE ES.4 Space: Recommended Activ
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Cosmic Dawn: Searching for the Firs
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this imprint would both probe funda
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important outcome will be to open u
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estimated to be on the order of $20
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observatories. For NASA an annual b
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surveys of large fields, enabling s
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RECOMMENDATION: U.S. investors in a
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departments and the community as a
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dominate spending; (2) private-publ
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us was certainly evident during the
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BOX 2-1 Other Worlds Around Other S
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FIGURE 2‐2 The source 3C 75, show
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FIGURE 2‐3 Numerical simulation o
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FIGURE 2‐4 Left panel: Image of t
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FIGURE 2‐6 Top: Schematic of the
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Most stars with masses smaller than
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BOX 2-2 The Origin of Planets After
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send material raining into the cent
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BOX 2-4 Lifecycles in Galaxies One
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Stars Stars are the most observable
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ubiquitous high-energy charged-part
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The Nature of Inflation As describe
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FIGURE 2‐11 Pie chart showing the
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An important clue to the nature of
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Studying the properties of neutron
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FIGURE 2‐14 A possible pathway is
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partners and makes recommendations
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As astronomy research has blossomed
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are increasingly relevant. The Euro
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TABLE 3-1 Currently Operating OIR F
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29% 1990 44% US Priv US Fed Other E
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CONCLUSION: Complex and high-cost f
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Space Observatories The Laser Inter
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Physics Division (PHY); the Mathema
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4 Astronomy in Society Astronomy of
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FIGURE 4‐2 The dust sculptures of
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FIGURE 4‐5 President Obama takes
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Astronomy Inspires in the Classroom
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teaching the scientific method. The
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where the fraction of astronomers h
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Percentage of AAS Membership by Fie
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0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 PL SO IM AG SF IN S
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FIGURE 4‐12 Number (top panel) an
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Professional training needs to acco
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assistant and associate professor p
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fluctuating level of funding for as
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THEORY Emerging Trends in Theoretic
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Central to the Galaxies across Cosm
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TABLE 5‐2 Support for astrophysic
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would normally be for a five-year p
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FIGURE 5‐7 Highly cited HST publi
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y optical and radio astronomers are
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FIGURE 5‐8 Number of PhDs per yea
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ated by the Program Prioritization
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nulling interferometry. The appropr
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FIGURE 5‐9 The richness of the su
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RECOMMENDATION: NASA and NSF suppor
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FIGURE 6‐1. All sky map as observ
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FIGURE 6‐3 NASA mission cost over
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FIGURE 6‐5 Gemini North with Sout
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TOWARD FUTURE PROJECTS, MISSIONS, A
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3. Investment in new and upgraded i
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etween several competing elements i
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7 Realizing the Opportunities The p
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FIGURE 7.1 Survey time line showing
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SCIENCE OBJECTIVES FOR THE DECADE T
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Box 7.1 Implementing a Cosmic Dawn
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JWST, with its superb mid-infrared
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Page 173 and 174: Box 7.3 Implementing the Physics of
Page 175 and 176: FIGURE 7.2 Multiwavelength images o
Page 177 and 178: Recommendations for New Space Activ
Page 179 and 180: FIGURE 7.4 Science accomplishments
Page 181 and 182: significance of mergers in the buil
Page 183 and 184: independent advice committee review
Page 185 and 186: committee review. It could range be
Page 187 and 188: Laboratory Astrophysics As describe
Page 189 and 190: Recommendations for New Ground-Base
Page 191 and 192: Program for instrumentation and fac
Page 193 and 194: excel at high spectral and spatial
Page 195 and 196: The committee reviewed a technical
Page 197 and 198: FIGURE 7.10 ACTA would be, like the
Page 199 and 200: Advanced Technologies and Instrumen
Page 201 and 202: LISA as soon as possible subject to
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Page 207 and 208: A Summary of Science Frontiers Pane
Page 209 and 210: PLANETARY SYSTEMS AND STAR FORMATIO
Page 211 and 212: A preliminary recommended program w
Page 213 and 214: certified as independent work perfo
Page 215 and 216: penalty based on an assessment of s
Page 217 and 218: The results show excellent correlat
Page 219 and 220: $12 MILLION TO $40 MILLION RANGE CM
Page 221: decadal research strategy with reco
Page 225 and 226: NRC NSB NSF NSF-AGS NSF-ARC NSF-AST
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