prepublication copy - The Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics ...
prepublication copy - The Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics ...
prepublication copy - The Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics ...
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CONCLUSION: DOE national laboratories, including those funded by the Office <strong>of</strong> Science<br />
and the National Nuclear Security Administration, have many unique facilities that can<br />
provide basic astrophysical data.<br />
<strong>The</strong> committee believes that NASA, NSF, and DOE will need to include funding for laboratory<br />
astrophysics in support <strong>of</strong> new missions and facilities and supports this conclusion in its proposed<br />
program. Other funding models should be considered if it is deemed necessary and cost-effective.<br />
RECOMMENDATION: NASA and NSF support for laboratory astrophysics under the<br />
<strong>Astronomy</strong> and Physics Research and Analysis and the <strong>Astronomy</strong> and <strong>Astrophysics</strong><br />
Research Grants programs, respectively, should continue at current or higher levels over<br />
the coming decade because these programs are vital for optimizing the scientific return<br />
from current and planned facilities. Missions and facilities, including DOE projects, that<br />
will require significant amounts <strong>of</strong> new laboratory data to reach their science goals should<br />
include within their program budgets adequate funding for the necessary experimental and<br />
theoretical investigations.<br />
Senior Reviews<br />
Preparing for Tomorrow<br />
Ground-based astronomical observatories are <strong>of</strong>ten long-lived, and their integrated operating<br />
costs frequently exceed their construction cost by a large factor. It is therefore good stewardship to<br />
manage the NSF portfolio wisely and to balance continued support <strong>of</strong> older facilities with the<br />
development and operation <strong>of</strong> newer ones. To address this challenge, NSF <strong>Astronomy</strong> completed its first<br />
senior review exercise in 2006. <strong>The</strong> need for these reviews is ongoing.<br />
CONCLUSION: Maintaining an appropriate balance in NSF’s astronomy and astrophysics<br />
research portfolio and, by extension, balance in the health and scientific effectiveness <strong>of</strong> the<br />
NSF facilities requires a vigorous periodic senior review.<br />
RECOMMENDATION: NSF-<strong>Astronomy</strong> should complete its next senior review before the<br />
mid-decade independent review that is recommended elsewhere in this report, so as to<br />
determine which, if any, facilities NSF-AST should cease to support in order to release<br />
funds for (1) the construction and ongoing operation <strong>of</strong> new telescopes and instruments, and<br />
(2) the science analysis needed to capitalize on the results from existing and future facilities.<br />
Ground-Based Optical <strong>Astronomy</strong><br />
OIR astronomy in the United States historically has benefited from significant private investment,<br />
with considerable progress made over the past decade in public-private collaboration and partnerships.<br />
<strong>The</strong> OIR future is certain to include ever more complex facilities.<br />
CONCLUSION: Optimizing the long-term scientific return from the whole <strong>of</strong> the U.S.<br />
optical and infrared system requires a readjusting <strong>of</strong> the balance <strong>of</strong> the NSF-<strong>Astronomy</strong><br />
program <strong>of</strong> support in three areas: (1) publicly operated national observatories—the<br />
combined National Optical <strong>Astronomy</strong> Observatories and Gemini facilities that currently<br />
PREPUBLICATION COPY—SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION<br />
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