Human Settlements Review - Parliamentary Monitoring Group

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Human Settlements Review, Volume 1, Number 1, 2010 These techniques are found around the world. The technique used is closely linked to the type of soils available in a certain region and also related to the traditions of the people of these places. 1.3 Perceptions of construction methods 1. Earth should still be used as a building material in the selected areas. 2. The chosen locations should include a mix of urban and rural areas. 3. They should also include a mix of both formal and informal areas. 4. The areas should be within a fourhour drive from Bloemfontein. The perceptions of what is non-durable in terms of building material are highly subjective, “often relating to the culture and conditions of the observer rather than the observed” (Oliver, 1987:221). In some developing countries “the problem is largely one of prejudice; hostility to the use of ‘bush’ or ‘backward’ methods, antipathy to certain materials and techniques, and fears of being ‘held back’ from modernizing” (Oliver, 1987:232). Pawley (1975:34) found that advertising has convinced the poor that Western forms of housing are the only solution to the housing problem. In Europe the green movement influenced architecture to be more ecologically friendly, healthy and sustainable (Haas & Schmid, 1990; Papaneck, 1995). In a study in Scotland, Stevenson (2006:262) found that people are more inclined to use natural materials in housing. This is an opposite trend to what is experienced in the developing world where ‘modern materials’ are in demand. 2 The methodology and the use of earth construction in the target areas A set of criteria was drawn up, in order to identify the areas in which to do the research and surveys. Locations were selected using the following criteria: The research project was undertaken in terms of the following structured phases: • The first phase [starting date Sept. 2003] comprised a literature study on three main themes, namely the current perceptions regarding the acceptability of earth construction; measuring the extent to which earth construction is used at present; and ways in which earth construction could help to sustain local economic development. • The second phase [starting date Oct. 2003] comprised the mobilisation and inception phase, during which the project was outlined and developed by the research team. Five target areas were identified: - Bothabelo near Bloemfontein in the Free State Province - Thaba Nchu near Bloemfontein in the Free State Province - Tsiame near Harrismith in the Free State Province - Magolokeng near Harrismith in the Free State Province - Taung in the Northern Cape Province 200
Human Settlements Review, Volume 1, Number 1, 2010 - Pampierstad in the Northern Cape Province - Bankhara Budolong near Kuruman in the Northern Cape Province Figure 2: The map shows the areas that were investigated and surveyed. These areas were selected on the basis of (a) the presence of earth construction and/ or (b) the presence of small brickyards, (c) the willingness of communities or groups to take part in the project, (d) the different earthbuilding techniques utilised in the respective areas, and (e) being in an arid area. • The third phase [starting date March 2004] involved the planning of the first survey. In each of these areas, the houses were counted and mapped. The sample size for each of the areas was calculated according to Stoker’s (1981:13) method: √(N ÷20) x 20, where N is the stratum size, thus giving the following number of houses for the areas in question: - Botshabelo: Block K 147 houses Block W 56 houses - Thaba Nchu: Bultfontein Extension 4 220 houses informal settlements 107 houses - Harrismith: Tsiame 72 houses Magolokeng 130 houses - Taung: Pampierstad formal and informal 313 house Taung and Manokwane 91 houses 201
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Human Settlements Review - Parliamentary Monitoring Group

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