Human Settlements Review - Parliamentary Monitoring Group

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Human Settlements Review, Volume 1, Number 1, 2010 R. E. Schulze (ed.), Climate Change and Water Resources in Southern Africa: Studies on Scenarios, Impacts, Vulnerabilities and Adaptation, Water Research Commission, WRC Report 1430/1/05, Pretoria, South Africa. IPCC, 2007, Climate Change 2007, Synthesis Report. Inter Governmental Panel on Climate Change. Page 7. Presidency, 2009, Development Indicators 2009. Pretoria. Page 20. SEA, 2006, State of Energy in South African Cities. Sustainable Energy Africa, Cape Town. SABS, 2007, SANS 204 Energy Efficiency in Buildings. South African Bureau of Standards. UNDP, 2005, Human Development Report 2005. United National Development Programme. Accessed from http://hdr.undp.org/en WWF, 2006, Living Planet Report 2006. World Wildlife Fund. Accessed from http://www. panda.org. 58
Human Settlements Review, Volume 1, Number 1, 2010 A framework for assessing building technologies for marginalised communities Joe Odhiambo and Benson Wekesa Abstract Agrément South Africa The majority of the urban poor population in most developing countries find shelter in informal settlements, which are characterised by inadequate dwelling units. There is a need for building technologies that are responsive to such communities and their environment to empower them to make their own contribution to the process of improving their housing conditions. Literature shows that during the past few decades there has been tremendous development and evolution of alternative building technologies considered responsive to the urban poor. However, there are no appropriate frameworks or methodologies that can be used to assess the response of these technologies in a holistic manner. Most studies tend to address this theme from a single point of view and without taking other issues into account. Example are when people focus on the technical aspects of technology, such as production and manufacturing processes, or when they deal with social, economic and environmental issues separately. This paper proposes a conceptual framework that can help to define and evaluate the response of building technologies to the urban poor and their environment in a holistic manner and in a regional context. It is based on the concept of sustainable development. Building technologies can be analysed, evaluated and finally compared to select the optimal variant according to a set of criteria. The outcome can enhance the understanding of the potentials of the technologies which, in turn, can demonstrate how to empower the urban poor to make their own contribution to the process of improving their housing conditions. 59 1 Introduction The majority of the poor urban population (marginalised communities) in most developing countries find shelter in informal settlements. In general, the settlements are characterised by inadequate dwelling units and lack of basic infrastructure such as potable water, electricity, access roads, sanitation facilities and the majority of the inhabitants are poor (UN-Habitat, 2003: chapter 5; Srinivas, 1994: 1-2). In Africa, from Cairo to Cape Town, millions of poor urban dwellers reside in such settlements. It is estimated that 166 million people or 73% of sub-Saharan Africa’s urban population reside in informal settlements (UN- Habitat, 2004: 2; De Vries, 2003: 13). In South Africa up to 9,1 million people currently reside in informal settlements (StatsSA, 2001).
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