India: Effects of Tariffs and Nontariff Measures on U.S. ... - USITC

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ACRONYMS AND TERMS—Continued GMO Genetically modified organism Golden Quadrilateral National highways linking Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, <strong>and</strong> Kolkata GTAP Global Trade Analysis Project GTIS Global Trade Information Services HCI Hindi Times, CNN, <strong>and</strong> IBN HRI Hotel, restaurant, <strong>and</strong> institutional HS WTO Harmonized Tariff System HS6 Six-digit level <strong>of</strong> the Harmonized System IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute IPR Intellectual property rights jowar Sorghum kirana Small, “mom <strong>and</strong> pop”store lakh 100,000 levy rice A specified portion <strong>of</strong> the rice procured from farmers that millers are required to sell to the central government at a set price MAcMapHS6 Market Access Map at the HS6 level m<strong>and</strong>i Regulated market into which most raw agricultural products in <strong>India</strong> are sold MEP Minimum export price Mercosur Common Market <strong>of</strong> the South MFN Most favored nation MIS Marketing Intervention Scheme MMB Mahyco-Monsanto Biotech mmt Million metric tons Model Act State Agricultural Produce Marketing (Development <strong>and</strong> Regulation) Act <strong>of</strong> 2003 MOFPI Ministry <strong>of</strong> Food Processing Industries, Government <strong>of</strong> <strong>India</strong> Mother Dairy A farmer cooperative, <strong>and</strong> the largest br<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> milk in <strong>India</strong> MSP Minimum support price mt Metric ton NAFED National Agricultural Marketing Federation n.d. No date n.e.c Not elsewhere classified n.e.s.o.i Not elsewhere specified or indicated NREGA National Rural Employment Guarantee Act NTM <strong>Nontariff</strong> measure OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation <strong>and</strong> Development OIE World Organization for Animal Health (also known by its original name, International Organization for Epizootics; OIE reflects French acronym). OPV Open-pollinated variety PDS Public Distribution System PE Partial equilibrium PFA Prevention <strong>of</strong> Food Alteration Act PPV&FR Protection <strong>of</strong> Plant Varieties <strong>and</strong> Farmers’ Rights Act, 2001 PSD Production, supply, <strong>and</strong> distribution PSS Price Support Scheme PTA Preferential trade agreement ragi Finger millet xvi
ACRONYMS AND TERMS—Continued RGGVY Rajiv G<strong>and</strong>hi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana rural electrification program RoW Rest-<strong>of</strong>-the-world Rs. <strong>India</strong>n rupees rythu bazaars Type <strong>of</strong> direct market established in Andhra Pradesh SAFTA South Asian Free Trade Agreement SEZ Special economic zone SPS Sanitary <strong>and</strong> phytosanitary SSI Small-scale industries STE State trading enterprise TBT Technical barrier to trade TRAINS Trade Analysis <strong>and</strong> Information System TRIPS Trade-Related Aspects <strong>of</strong> Intellectual Property Rights Agreement TRQ Tariff-rate quota UAE United Arab Emirates UNCTAD UN Conference on Trade <strong>and</strong> Development UP State <strong>of</strong> Uttar Pradesh, <strong>India</strong> UPOV International Convention for the Protection <strong>of</strong> New Varieties <strong>of</strong> Plants USDA U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture USITC U.S. International Trade Commission USTR U.S. Trade Representative UT Union territories uzhavar s<strong>and</strong>hai Type <strong>of</strong> direct market established in Tamil Nadu VAT Value-added tax WITS World Integrated Trade Solution xvii
Page 1 and 2: United States International Trade C
Page 3 and 4: U.S. International Trade Commission
Page 5: Abstract This report describes <str
Page 8 and 9: TABLE ES.1 India:
Page 10 and 11: U.S. agricultural products face str
Page 12 and 13: U.S. Foreign Direct Investment U.S.
Page 15 and 16: CONTENTS Page Abstract ............
Page 17 and 18: CONTENTS―Continued Chapter 6 <str
Page 19 and 20: CONTENTS―Continued Figures 1.1. <
Page 21: ACRONYMS AND TERMS AAY Antodaya Ann
Page 26 and 27: TABLE 1.1 India: A
Page 28 and 29: FIGURE 1.1 India:
Page 30 and 31: India’s central
Page 32 and 33: Despite their weak economic pr<stro
Page 34 and 35: Approach Current India</str
Page 36 and 37: Bibliography Birner, Regina, Surupt
Page 38 and 39: World Bank. Agriculture for Develop
Page 46 and 47: premium); (2) India</strong
Page 48 and 49: include government export restricti
Page 54 and 55: Exports by Major Trading Partner <s
Page 57 and 58: CHAPTER 3 Domestic Consumption Over
Page 59 and 60: TABLE 3.2 India: P
Page 61 and 62: more likely to have been exposed to
Page 63 and 64: BOX 3.3 Indian Con
Page 65 and 66: TABLE 3.3 India: T
Page 67 and 68: are expected to see income growth <
Page 69 and 70: Food Preferences India</str
Page 71 and 72: Regional Variation Geographic <stro
Page 73 and 74:
CCC. “Know India
Page 75 and 76:
CHAPTER 4 Indian A
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For most crops, however, In
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The Farm Sector soybeans 29 —but
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Food processing in India</s
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BOX 4.1 The Central Government’s
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BOX 4.2 Does the Minimum Support Pr
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August 3, 2009, New Delhi announced
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known as zamindars, have doubled or
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that the PFA Act was strictly enfor
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———. Bharat Nirman: A Time-Bo
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Organisation for Economic Co-operat
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CHAPTER 5 TARIFFS Overview
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sensitive. They include vegetable f
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wholly milled rice and</str
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The Indian governm
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India also reporte
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Reference Prices Reference prices,
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Landing Fees <stro
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Simulated Effects
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and nuts” by $0.
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5-19 TABLE 5.4 India</stron
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Bibliography Acharya, Keya. “Thor
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Indian Express.com
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CHAPTER 6 Nontariff</strong
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foreign sources. 6 For example, SPS
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BOX 6.1 Milk and M
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BOX 6.2 Wheat—Continued Yet, <str
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perpetuated continuously. The impor
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notices that must be integrated wit
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import corn under the TRQ is too bu
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Customs Procedures India</s
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Corruption Interests within <strong
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TABLE 6.2 India: E
Page 141 and 142:
Bibliography American Apparel <stro
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Mattson, Jeremy W., Won, W. Koo, <s
Page 145:
———. 2009 National Trade Esti
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TABLE 7.1 India: C
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First Point of Sal
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Private mandis Som
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approximately 65 million households
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7-10 TABLE 7.2 India</stron
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poor communications infrastructure
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limited popularity with farmers bec
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The lack of infras
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found that 39 percent of</s
Page 166 and 167:
Bibliography Banerjee, A. Dairying
Page 168 and 169:
Tiwari, Shri Rajendra Kumar. “Pos
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FDI Regulations and</strong
Page 172 and 173:
TABLE 8.2 India: A
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Food Processing and</strong
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There is not necessarily a strong l
Page 178 and 179:
For processing of
Page 180 and 181:
BOX 8.3 Restrictions on Foreign Joi
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Under certain circumstances, FDI ca
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commenced. States tend to be quick
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Bibliography Bahn, Niti, an
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International Center for Alcohol Po
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Structure of the <
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BOX 9.1 The UPOV System for Plant V
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that the public sector in I
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Whether this situation will soon ch
Page 198 and 199:
The U.S.-India Bus
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eggplant, which began field trials
Page 202 and 203:
Maskus, Keith E. “Intellectual Pr
Page 205:
APPENDIX A REQUEST LETTER
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The Honorable Sham L. Arano
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cprice-sewell on PRODPC61 with NOTI
Page 213:
APPENDIX C HEARING WITNESSES
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ORGANIZATION AND WITNESS: Tuttle Ta
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Summary of Views <
Page 221 and 222:
advertising and pr
Page 223 and 224:
highest in the Asia-Pacific region.
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to U.S. exports to India</s
Page 227 and 228:
transparent sanitary regulations th
Page 229 and 230:
hotel and catering
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Western Pistachio Association 26 In
Page 233:
APPENDIX E POTENTIAL FOR U.S. AGRIC
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E-4 TABLE E.1 India</strong
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 243:
APPENDIX F INDIAN AGRICULTURAL PROD
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TABLE F.1 India: A
Page 248 and 249:
FIGURE F.1 India:
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is in nonirrigated areas with yield
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Consumption India
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efrigeration. This characteristic i
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70 percent of tota
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eportedly preferred in southern <st
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Cotton During MY 2003/04-2007/08, <
Page 262 and 263:
Government of <str
Page 265:
APPENDIX G UNION AND STATE/UNION TE
Page 268 and 269:
certain agricultural goods in the p
Page 270 and 271:
Bibliography Chaulan, Shri U.K. “
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Simulation Framework The effects <s
Page 275 and 276:
Producers determine the optimal sup
Page 277 and 278:
Applied ad valorem tariff equivalen
Page 279 and 280:
We considered the possibility that
Page 281 and 282:
Estimation of <str
Page 283 and 284:
Bibliography Anderson, Kym, Mariann
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