India: Effects of Tariffs and Nontariff Measures on U.S. ... - USITC

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Cotton During MY 2003/04–2007/08, <strong>India</strong> became the second-largest global producer <strong>of</strong> cotton after China. <strong>India</strong>n production feeds <strong>India</strong>’s extensive textile mills, which enjoyed higher textile export dem<strong>and</strong> during this period. <strong>India</strong> had its sixth consecutive record cotton crop in MY 2008/09 as a result <strong>of</strong> increased planting <strong>and</strong> higher yields from improved hybrid varieties <strong>and</strong> Bt cotton, 128 improved crop management practices, <strong>and</strong> favorable weather. 129 Cotton planted area increased by 24 percent over the period, reaching 9.4 million hectares in MY 2007/08. This was true even though cotton must compete for area with other crops (rice <strong>and</strong> fodder crops in the north; coarse grains, pulses, <strong>and</strong> sugarcane in the central region; <strong>and</strong> rice, tobacco, <strong>and</strong> chilies in the south) that also enjoyed strong prices <strong>and</strong> relative pr<strong>of</strong>itability, particularly in MY 2008/09. 130 Cotton yields have nearly doubled—they increased 90 percent between 2002 <strong>and</strong> 2007, versus 10 percent or less for corn, rice, <strong>and</strong> soybeans during the same period 131 —but are still below the world average, leaving room for production gains despite limited additional area for planting cotton. 132 128 Bt cotton was introduced in 2002 <strong>and</strong> accounted for 85 percent <strong>of</strong> cotton area in MY 2008/09. 129 Singh, <strong>India</strong> Cotton <strong>and</strong> Products Annual 2008, May 12, 2008, 1. 130 Ibid., 4. 131 Ibid., 5. 132 Industry sources expect area for cotton production to peak at 10 million ha. Singh, <strong>India</strong> Cotton <strong>and</strong> Products Annual 2008, May 12, 2008, 5. F-18
Bibliography Amul <strong>India</strong>. “Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation.” http://www.amul.com/organisation.html (accessed June 26, 2009). Aradhey, Amit. <strong>India</strong>: Oilseeds <strong>and</strong> Products; Annual, 2008. GAIN Report no. IN8047. U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, May 19, 2008. ———. <strong>India</strong>: Oilseeds; Annual Report. GAIN Report no. IN9051. U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, April 16, 2009. ———. <strong>India</strong>: Tree Nuts; Annual, 2008. GAIN Report no. IN8107. U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, September 11, 2008. ———. <strong>India</strong>: Tree Nuts; Voluntary, 2008. GAIN Report no. IN8097. U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, August 26, 2008. The Cracker. International Nut <strong>and</strong> Dried Fruit Council Foundation, April 2009. DATAMONITOR. “Alcoholic Drinks in <strong>India</strong>,” December 2008. ———. “Hot Drinks in <strong>India</strong>,” October 2008. ———. “Juices in <strong>India</strong>,” May 2004. ———. “S<strong>of</strong>t Drinks in <strong>India</strong>,” November 2008. ———. “Spirits Drinks in <strong>India</strong>,” November 2008. ———. “Wine in <strong>India</strong>,” December 2008. Dhankhar, Deepa. <strong>India</strong>: Food Processing Sector; Annual, 2008. GAIN Report no. IN8030. U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Foreign Agriculture Service, July 2, 2008. ———. <strong>India</strong>: Livestock <strong>and</strong> Products; Annual, 2008. GAIN Report no. IN8098. U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Foreign Agriculture Service, September 2, 2008. ———. <strong>India</strong>: Product Brief; <strong>India</strong>n Fresh Fruit Sector, 2008. GAIN Report IN8150. U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, December 16, 2008. Economic Intelligence Unit (EIU). China Food: Sub-Sector Update, January 20, 2009. ———. <strong>India</strong> Food: Sub-Sector Update, November 11, 2008. Food <strong>and</strong> Agriculture Organization <strong>of</strong> the United Nations (FAO). “Factors Determining <strong>India</strong>n Sugar Production <strong>and</strong> Its Comparative Advantage.” In Proceedings <strong>of</strong> the Fiji/FAO Asia Pacific Sugar Conference, October, 29–31, 1997. ———. FAOSTAT database (accessed May 27, 2009). ———. “Global Analysis: Sugar.” Food Outlook, November 2008. F-19
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United States International Trade C
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U.S. International Trade Commission
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Abstract This report describes <str
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TABLE ES.1 India:
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U.S. agricultural products face str
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U.S. Foreign Direct Investment U.S.
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CONTENTS Page Abstract ............
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CONTENTS―Continued Chapter 6 <str
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CONTENTS―Continued Figures 1.1. <
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ACRONYMS AND TERMS AAY Antodaya Ann
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ACRONYMS AND TERMS—Continued RGGV
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TABLE 1.1 India: A
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FIGURE 1.1 India:
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India’s central
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Despite their weak economic pr<stro
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Approach Current India</str
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Bibliography Birner, Regina, Surupt
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World Bank. Agriculture for Develop
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FIGURE 2.1 India:
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TABLE 2.1 India: A
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FIGURE 2.3 India:
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premium); (2) India</strong
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include government export restricti
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TABLE 2.3 India: A
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FIGURE 2.6 India:
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Exports by Major Trading Partner <s
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CHAPTER 3 Domestic Consumption Over
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TABLE 3.2 India: P
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more likely to have been exposed to
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BOX 3.3 Indian Con
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TABLE 3.3 India: T
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are expected to see income growth <
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Food Preferences India</str
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Regional Variation Geographic <stro
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CCC. “Know India
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CHAPTER 4 Indian A
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For most crops, however, In
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The Farm Sector soybeans 29 —but
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Food processing in India</s
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BOX 4.1 The Central Government’s
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BOX 4.2 Does the Minimum Support Pr
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August 3, 2009, New Delhi announced
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known as zamindars, have doubled or
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that the PFA Act was strictly enfor
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———. Bharat Nirman: A Time-Bo
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Organisation for Economic Co-operat
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CHAPTER 5 TARIFFS Overview
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sensitive. They include vegetable f
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wholly milled rice and</str
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The Indian governm
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India also reporte
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Reference Prices Reference prices,
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Landing Fees <stro
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Simulated Effects
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and nuts” by $0.
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5-19 TABLE 5.4 India</stron
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Bibliography Acharya, Keya. “Thor
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Indian Express.com
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CHAPTER 6 Nontariff</strong
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foreign sources. 6 For example, SPS
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BOX 6.1 Milk and M
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BOX 6.2 Wheat—Continued Yet, <str
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perpetuated continuously. The impor
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notices that must be integrated wit
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import corn under the TRQ is too bu
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Customs Procedures India</s
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Corruption Interests within <strong
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TABLE 6.2 India: E
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Bibliography American Apparel <stro
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Mattson, Jeremy W., Won, W. Koo, <s
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———. 2009 National Trade Esti
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TABLE 7.1 India: C
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First Point of Sal
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Private mandis Som
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approximately 65 million households
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7-10 TABLE 7.2 India</stron
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poor communications infrastructure
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limited popularity with farmers bec
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The lack of infras
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found that 39 percent of</s
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Bibliography Banerjee, A. Dairying
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Tiwari, Shri Rajendra Kumar. “Pos
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FDI Regulations and</strong
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TABLE 8.2 India: A
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Food Processing and</strong
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There is not necessarily a strong l
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For processing of
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BOX 8.3 Restrictions on Foreign Joi
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Under certain circumstances, FDI ca
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commenced. States tend to be quick
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Bibliography Bahn, Niti, an
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International Center for Alcohol Po
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Structure of the <
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BOX 9.1 The UPOV System for Plant V
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that the public sector in I
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Whether this situation will soon ch
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The U.S.-India Bus
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eggplant, which began field trials
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Maskus, Keith E. “Intellectual Pr
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APPENDIX A REQUEST LETTER
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The Honorable Sham L. Arano
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Page 268 and 269: certain agricultural goods in the p
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Page 283 and 284: Bibliography Anderson, Kym, Mariann
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