India: Effects of Tariffs and Nontariff Measures on U.S. ... - USITC

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TABLE H.3 <strong>India</strong>: Estimated effects on U.S. exports <strong>of</strong> removing certain <strong>India</strong>n support payments, 2007 Simulated effects in ranges U.S. exports to Commodity groups containing food <strong>and</strong> agricultural products 2007 U.S. food <strong>and</strong> agricultural exports to <strong>India</strong> Estimated ad valorem equivalent <strong>of</strong> domestic support <strong>India</strong> in the absence <strong>of</strong> <strong>India</strong>n support Change in U.S. exports to <strong>India</strong> in the absence <strong>of</strong> <strong>India</strong>n support Low High Low High Low High Million $ Percent Million $ Million $ Percent Paddy rice 0.22 18.300 0.33 0.49 0.11 0.27 48 123 Wheat 0.00 27.200 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 Cereal grains nec 1.13 10.500 1.19 1.26 0.05 0.12 5 11 Vegetables, fruit & 282.61 3.374 285.6 280.3 3.02 -2.22 1 -1 nuts 2 8 Oil seeds 0.01 9.000 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 12 13 Sugar cane, sugar 0.00 20.500 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 beet Plant-based fibers 78.59 13.200 86.94 99.61 8.35 21.02 11 27 Crops nec 8.25 3.374 8.42 8.09 0.17 -0.16 2 -2 Processed rice 0.06 6.385 0.07 0.08 0.01 0.02 9 30 Total 370.88 5.488 382.5 8 389.9 3 11.7 0 19.05 3 5 Source: Valenzuela <strong>and</strong> Anderson, “Alternative Agricultural Price Distortions for CGE Analysis <strong>of</strong> Developing Countries, 2004 <strong>and</strong> 1980–84” for estimated ad valorem equivalent <strong>of</strong> domestic support; commission staff calculations. Note: “Low” <strong>and</strong> “High” refer to elasticities, not effects on U.S. exports. H-12
Bibliography Anderson, Kym, Marianne Kurzweil, Will Martin, Damiano S<strong>and</strong>ri, <strong>and</strong> Ernesto Valenzuela. “Measuring Distortions to Agricultural Incentives, Revisited.” World Bank Development Research Group. Trade Policy Team. Policy Research Working Paper 4612, April 2008. Anderson, Kym, <strong>and</strong> Ernesto Valenzuela. “Estimates <strong>of</strong> Global Distortions to Agricultural Incentives, 1955 to 2007.” Washington, DC: World Bank, October 2008. Annual data available at http://www.worldbank.org/agdistortions. Armington, P.S. “A Theory <strong>of</strong> Dem<strong>and</strong> for Products Distinguished by Place <strong>of</strong> Production.” IMF Staff Papers 16 (1969): 159–76. Arrow, K., H. Chenery, B. Minhas, <strong>and</strong> R. Solow. “Capital-Labor Substitution <strong>and</strong> Economic Efficiency.” Review <strong>of</strong> Economics <strong>and</strong> Statistics 43 (1961): 225–250. Boumellassa, H., D. Laborde, <strong>and</strong> C. Mitaritonna. A Picture <strong>of</strong> the Tariff Protection Across the World in 2004: MAcMapHS6, Version 2. IFPRI Discussion Paper No. 00903. Washington, DC: IFPRI, 2009. Deardorff, Alan V., <strong>and</strong> Robert M. Stern. Measurement <strong>of</strong> Non-Tariff Barriers. Ann Arbor: University <strong>of</strong> Michigan Press, 1998. FAOSTAT Database. http://faostat.fao.org/default.aspx (accessed April 6, 2009). Ferrantino, Michael. “Quantifying the Trade <strong>and</strong> Economic <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Nontariff</strong> Measure.” OECD Trade Policy Working Paper No. 28. Paris: OECD, January 2006. Grant, J., T. Hertel, <strong>and</strong> T. Rutherford. “Extending General Equilibrium to the Tariff Line: U.S. Dairy in the Doha Development Agenda.” Paper presented at the Tenth Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis, W. Lafayette, <strong>India</strong>na, June 2007. Hertel, T. W. (editor). Global Trade Analysis: Modeling <strong>and</strong> Applications. Cambridge <strong>and</strong> New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Hertel, T., D. Hummels, M. Ivanic, <strong>and</strong> R. Keeney. “How Confident Can We Be <strong>of</strong> CGE-Based Assessments <strong>of</strong> Free Trade Agreements” Economic Modelling 24 (2007): 611–635. Jansson, T., M. Kuiper, M. Banse, T. Heckelei, <strong>and</strong> M. Adenaeuer. “Getting the Best <strong>of</strong> Both Worlds Linking CAPRI <strong>and</strong> GTAP for an Economywide Assessment <strong>of</strong> Agriculture.” Paper presented at the Eleventh Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis, Helsinki, June 2008. Jomini, P., R. McDougall, G. Watts, <strong>and</strong> P.S. Dee. The SALTER Model <strong>of</strong> the World Economy: Model Structure, Database <strong>and</strong> Parameters. Canberra, Australia: Industry Commission, 1994. Linkins, Linda A., <strong>and</strong> Hugh M. Arce. “Estimating Tariff Equivalents <strong>of</strong> Non-Tariff Barriers.” USITC Office <strong>of</strong> Economics Working Paper EC1994-06-A(4). Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, June 1994, rev. August 2002. Liu, J., T.C. Arndt, <strong>and</strong> T.W. Hertel. “Parameter Estimation <strong>and</strong> <strong>Measures</strong> <strong>of</strong> Goodness <strong>of</strong> Fit in a Global General Equilibrium Model.” Journal <strong>of</strong> Economic Integration 19 no. 3 (2004): 626–649. H-13
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United States International Trade C
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U.S. International Trade Commission
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Abstract This report describes <str
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TABLE ES.1 India:
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U.S. agricultural products face str
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U.S. Foreign Direct Investment U.S.
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CONTENTS Page Abstract ............
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CONTENTS―Continued Chapter 6 <str
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CONTENTS―Continued Figures 1.1. <
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ACRONYMS AND TERMS AAY Antodaya Ann
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ACRONYMS AND TERMS—Continued RGGV
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TABLE 1.1 India: A
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FIGURE 1.1 India:
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India’s central
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Despite their weak economic pr<stro
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Approach Current India</str
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Bibliography Birner, Regina, Surupt
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World Bank. Agriculture for Develop
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FIGURE 2.1 India:
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TABLE 2.1 India: A
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FIGURE 2.3 India:
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premium); (2) India</strong
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include government export restricti
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TABLE 2.3 India: A
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FIGURE 2.6 India:
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Exports by Major Trading Partner <s
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CHAPTER 3 Domestic Consumption Over
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TABLE 3.2 India: P
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more likely to have been exposed to
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BOX 3.3 Indian Con
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TABLE 3.3 India: T
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are expected to see income growth <
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Food Preferences India</str
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Regional Variation Geographic <stro
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CCC. “Know India
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CHAPTER 4 Indian A
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For most crops, however, In
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The Farm Sector soybeans 29 —but
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Food processing in India</s
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BOX 4.1 The Central Government’s
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BOX 4.2 Does the Minimum Support Pr
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August 3, 2009, New Delhi announced
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known as zamindars, have doubled or
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that the PFA Act was strictly enfor
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———. Bharat Nirman: A Time-Bo
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Organisation for Economic Co-operat
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CHAPTER 5 TARIFFS Overview
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sensitive. They include vegetable f
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wholly milled rice and</str
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The Indian governm
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India also reporte
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Reference Prices Reference prices,
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Landing Fees <stro
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Simulated Effects
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and nuts” by $0.
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5-19 TABLE 5.4 India</stron
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Bibliography Acharya, Keya. “Thor
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Indian Express.com
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CHAPTER 6 Nontariff</strong
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foreign sources. 6 For example, SPS
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BOX 6.1 Milk and M
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BOX 6.2 Wheat—Continued Yet, <str
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perpetuated continuously. The impor
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notices that must be integrated wit
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import corn under the TRQ is too bu
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Customs Procedures India</s
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Corruption Interests within <strong
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TABLE 6.2 India: E
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Bibliography American Apparel <stro
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Mattson, Jeremy W., Won, W. Koo, <s
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———. 2009 National Trade Esti
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TABLE 7.1 India: C
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First Point of Sal
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Private mandis Som
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approximately 65 million households
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7-10 TABLE 7.2 India</stron
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poor communications infrastructure
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limited popularity with farmers bec
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The lack of infras
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found that 39 percent of</s
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Bibliography Banerjee, A. Dairying
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Tiwari, Shri Rajendra Kumar. “Pos
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FDI Regulations and</strong
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TABLE 8.2 India: A
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Food Processing and</strong
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There is not necessarily a strong l
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For processing of
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BOX 8.3 Restrictions on Foreign Joi
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Under certain circumstances, FDI ca
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commenced. States tend to be quick
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Bibliography Bahn, Niti, an
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International Center for Alcohol Po
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Structure of the <
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BOX 9.1 The UPOV System for Plant V
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that the public sector in I
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Whether this situation will soon ch
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The U.S.-India Bus
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eggplant, which began field trials
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Maskus, Keith E. “Intellectual Pr
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APPENDIX A REQUEST LETTER
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The Honorable Sham L. Arano
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cprice-sewell on PRODPC61 with NOTI
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APPENDIX C HEARING WITNESSES
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ORGANIZATION AND WITNESS: Tuttle Ta
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Summary of Views <
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advertising and pr
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highest in the Asia-Pacific region.
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to U.S. exports to India</s
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transparent sanitary regulations th
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hotel and catering
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Page 268 and 269: certain agricultural goods in the p
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