India: Effects of Tariffs and Nontariff Measures on U.S. ... - USITC

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Exports by Major Trading Partner <strong>India</strong>n agricultural exports are dispersed among a large number <strong>of</strong> destination markets (table 2.4). During 2006–08, the EU-27 was <strong>India</strong>’s largest agricultural export market, accounting for 14 percent <strong>of</strong> the total, followed by the United Arab Emirates (UAE), China, <strong>and</strong> the United States each with a 7 percent share (fig. 2.8). Other important markets include Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia, <strong>and</strong> Vietnam. During 2003-08, growth in <strong>India</strong>n agricultural exports to the UAE, China, Vietnam, <strong>and</strong> Pakistan was particularly strong, led by sharply higher exports <strong>of</strong> rice, cotton, meat, <strong>and</strong> animal feed. TABLE 2.4 <strong>India</strong>: Agricultural exports by major trading partner, 2003–08 (million $) Trading partner 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 EU-27 1,144 1,377 1,604 1,780 2,122 2,658 United Arab Emirates 368 467 503 553 989 1,702 Bangladesh 583 633 649 568 949 1,322 United States 585 754 862 917 1,008 1,282 Saudi Arabia 323 576 612 550 748 1,271 China 105 169 389 896 1,277 1,178 Vietnam 104 167 229 368 659 1,158 Malaysia 297 337 295 349 596 952 Indonesia 251 265 233 378 495 653 Pakistan 49 124 154 655 611 648 Japan 144 232 298 326 383 604 All other 2,181 2,848 3,481 3,988 5,469 6,723 Total 6,135 7,949 9,310 11,330 15,307 20,150 Source: GTIS, World Trade Atlas Database (accessed June 8, 2009). FIGURE 2.8 <strong>India</strong>: Agricultural exports by major trading partner, 2006–08 average EU-27 14% All other 49% China 7% United Arab Emirates 7% Vietnam 5% United States 7% Bangladesh 6% Saudi Arabia 5% Average total exports – $15.6 billion Source : GTIS, World Trade Atlas Database (accessed June 8, 2009). 2-16
Bibliography Aradhey, Amit. <strong>India</strong>: Grain <strong>and</strong> Feed; Pulses Situation <strong>and</strong> Outlook, 2007. GAIN Report no. IN8005. U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, December 14, 2007. ———. <strong>India</strong>: Oilseeds <strong>and</strong> Products; Annual, 2008. GAIN Report no. IN8047. U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, May 19, 2008. ———. <strong>India</strong>: Oilseeds; Annual, 2009. GAIN Report no. IN9051. U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, April 16, 2009. ———. <strong>India</strong>: Tree Nuts; Annual, 2008. GAIN Report no. IN8107. U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, September 11, 2008. Dhankhar, Deepa. <strong>India</strong>: Dairy <strong>and</strong> Products; Annual, 2008. GAIN Report no. IN8131. U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, November 5, 2008. Global Trade Information Service, Inc. (GTIS). World Trade Atlas Database (accessed June 8, 2009). Govindan, A. <strong>India</strong>: Grain <strong>and</strong> Feed; Annual, 2007. GAIN Report no. IN7012. U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, February 21, 2007. ———. <strong>India</strong>: Grain <strong>and</strong> Feed; Annual, 2008. GAIN Report no. IN8015. U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, February 20, 2008. ———. <strong>India</strong>: Grain <strong>and</strong> Feed; Annual, 2009. GAIN Report no. IN9025. U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, February 20, 2009. International Monetary Fund (IMF). International Financial Statistics. May 2009. Mittal, Surabhi, <strong>and</strong> Arpita Mukherjee. Food for Policy. Reforming Agriculture. Foundation Books: New Delhi: Cambridge University Press <strong>India</strong>, 2008. Narayanan, Bradri <strong>and</strong> Terrie Walmsley, eds. Global Trade, Assistance, <strong>and</strong> Production: The GTAP 7 Data Base. Center for Global Trade Analysis, Purdue University, 2008. National Oilseed Processors Association (NOPA). Written submission to the U.S. International Trade Commission in connection with inv. no. 332-504, <strong>India</strong>: <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Tariffs</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Nontariff</strong> <strong>Measures</strong> on U.S. Agricultural Exports, April 1, 2009. Singh, Santosh. <strong>India</strong>: Cotton <strong>and</strong> Cotton Products;Annual, 2008. GAIN Report no. IN8049. U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, December 5, 2008. U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture (USDA). Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS). <strong>India</strong>: Trade Policy Monitoring; Annual, 2009. GAIN Report no. IN9037, March 15, 2009. 2-17
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United States International Trade C
Page 3 and 4: U.S. International Trade Commission
Page 5: Abstract This report describes <str
Page 8 and 9: TABLE ES.1 India:
Page 10 and 11: U.S. agricultural products face str
Page 12 and 13: U.S. Foreign Direct Investment U.S.
Page 15 and 16: CONTENTS Page Abstract ............
Page 17 and 18: CONTENTS―Continued Chapter 6 <str
Page 19 and 20: CONTENTS―Continued Figures 1.1. <
Page 21 and 22: ACRONYMS AND TERMS AAY Antodaya Ann
Page 23: ACRONYMS AND TERMS—Continued RGGV
Page 26 and 27: TABLE 1.1 India: A
Page 28 and 29: FIGURE 1.1 India:
Page 30 and 31: India’s central
Page 32 and 33: Despite their weak economic pr<stro
Page 34 and 35: Approach Current India</str
Page 36 and 37: Bibliography Birner, Regina, Surupt
Page 38 and 39: World Bank. Agriculture for Develop
Page 46 and 47: premium); (2) India</strong
Page 48 and 49: include government export restricti
Page 57 and 58: CHAPTER 3 Domestic Consumption Over
Page 59 and 60: TABLE 3.2 India: P
Page 61 and 62: more likely to have been exposed to
Page 63 and 64: BOX 3.3 Indian Con
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Page 67 and 68: are expected to see income growth <
Page 69 and 70: Food Preferences India</str
Page 71 and 72: Regional Variation Geographic <stro
Page 73 and 74: CCC. “Know India
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Page 79 and 80: The Farm Sector soybeans 29 —but
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Page 85 and 86: BOX 4.2 Does the Minimum Support Pr
Page 87 and 88: August 3, 2009, New Delhi announced
Page 89 and 90: known as zamindars, have doubled or
Page 91 and 92: that the PFA Act was strictly enfor
Page 93 and 94: ———. Bharat Nirman: A Time-Bo
Page 95 and 96: Organisation for Economic Co-operat
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Page 99 and 100: sensitive. They include vegetable f
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Page 103 and 104: The Indian governm
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India also reporte
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Reference Prices Reference prices,
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Landing Fees <stro
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Simulated Effects
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and nuts” by $0.
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5-19 TABLE 5.4 India</stron
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Bibliography Acharya, Keya. “Thor
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Indian Express.com
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CHAPTER 6 Nontariff</strong
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foreign sources. 6 For example, SPS
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BOX 6.1 Milk and M
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BOX 6.2 Wheat—Continued Yet, <str
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perpetuated continuously. The impor
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notices that must be integrated wit
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import corn under the TRQ is too bu
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Customs Procedures India</s
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Corruption Interests within <strong
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TABLE 6.2 India: E
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Bibliography American Apparel <stro
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Mattson, Jeremy W., Won, W. Koo, <s
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———. 2009 National Trade Esti
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TABLE 7.1 India: C
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First Point of Sal
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Private mandis Som
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approximately 65 million households
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7-10 TABLE 7.2 India</stron
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poor communications infrastructure
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limited popularity with farmers bec
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The lack of infras
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found that 39 percent of</s
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Bibliography Banerjee, A. Dairying
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Tiwari, Shri Rajendra Kumar. “Pos
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FDI Regulations and</strong
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TABLE 8.2 India: A
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Food Processing and</strong
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There is not necessarily a strong l
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For processing of
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BOX 8.3 Restrictions on Foreign Joi
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Under certain circumstances, FDI ca
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commenced. States tend to be quick
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Bibliography Bahn, Niti, an
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International Center for Alcohol Po
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Structure of the <
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BOX 9.1 The UPOV System for Plant V
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that the public sector in I
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Whether this situation will soon ch
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The U.S.-India Bus
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eggplant, which began field trials
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Maskus, Keith E. “Intellectual Pr
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APPENDIX A REQUEST LETTER
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The Honorable Sham L. Arano
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cprice-sewell on PRODPC61 with NOTI
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APPENDIX C HEARING WITNESSES
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ORGANIZATION AND WITNESS: Tuttle Ta
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Summary of Views <
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advertising and pr
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highest in the Asia-Pacific region.
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to U.S. exports to India</s
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transparent sanitary regulations th
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hotel and catering
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Western Pistachio Association 26 In
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APPENDIX E POTENTIAL FOR U.S. AGRIC
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E-4 TABLE E.1 India</strong
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APPENDIX F INDIAN AGRICULTURAL PROD
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TABLE F.1 India: A
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FIGURE F.1 India:
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is in nonirrigated areas with yield
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Consumption India
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efrigeration. This characteristic i
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70 percent of tota
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eportedly preferred in southern <st
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Cotton During MY 2003/04-2007/08, <
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Government of <str
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APPENDIX G UNION AND STATE/UNION TE
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certain agricultural goods in the p
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Bibliography Chaulan, Shri U.K. “
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Simulation Framework The effects <s
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Producers determine the optimal sup
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Applied ad valorem tariff equivalen
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We considered the possibility that
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Estimation of <str
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Bibliography Anderson, Kym, Mariann
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