India: Effects of Tariffs and Nontariff Measures on U.S. ... - USITC

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E-8 TABLE E.1 <strong>India</strong>: U.S. agricultural products with sales potential—Continued Product(s) Projected annual import growth in value (%) Growth period General ( b ) ( b ) <strong>India</strong> is beginning to exp<strong>and</strong> its leather industries, which will increase dem<strong>and</strong> for hides <strong>and</strong> skins. For example, the Council <strong>of</strong> Leather Exporters has requested that <strong>India</strong> establish “leather parks,” which would increase tanning capacity. Certain <strong>India</strong>n firms have invested in machinery that is better able to h<strong>and</strong>le U.S. product. Premium pork products ( b ) ( b ) Increased Westernization <strong>and</strong> the exp<strong>and</strong>ing hospitality industry may increase dem<strong>and</strong> for premium processed pork products in food service <strong>and</strong> retail. Poor availability <strong>of</strong> pork products in <strong>India</strong>. Jams <strong>and</strong> jellies ( b ) ( b ) Increasing popularity <strong>of</strong> imported br<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> a shortage <strong>of</strong> quality domestic products. Pasta 5–10 2008–12 Growing Western-style, quick-service restaurant sector <strong>and</strong> shortage <strong>of</strong> quality domestic products. Tariff rate(s) (%) Market attractiveness for United States Constraints Bound Applied Skins <strong>and</strong> hides Competition from EU suppliers. <strong>India</strong>ns are used to working with hides smaller than U.S. ones. Water shortages <strong>and</strong> stricter environmental st<strong>and</strong>ards on tanners. View <strong>of</strong> <strong>India</strong>ns that long transit times causes damage to U.S. product. Certain <strong>India</strong>n processors prefer unbr<strong>and</strong>ed hides. Most U.S. hides are from br<strong>and</strong>ed cattle. Pork Muslims do not consume pork. Some Hindus view pork as an inferior product. Pork is the least developed major livestock sector in <strong>India</strong>. Processed food Competition from domestic suppliers, South Asian countries, <strong>and</strong> the EU. Competition from domestic suppliers, South Asian countries <strong>and</strong> the EU. Specific NTM/issue a Source(s) 25 0–25 TBT United States Hides, Skin <strong>and</strong> Leather Association Study <strong>of</strong> the <strong>India</strong>n Leather industry <strong>and</strong> Its Potential for US Hides (funded by USDA/FAS); <strong>and</strong> industry <strong>of</strong>ficial, telephone interview by Commission staff, February 20, 2009. 55–100 30 SPS USMEF, “<strong>India</strong>’s Pork Market Opportunities” For the US Pork Industry, March 2007; National Pork Producers Council, written submission to the USITC, June 25, 2009; <strong>and</strong> industry <strong>of</strong>ficials, interview by Commission staff, New Delhi, <strong>India</strong>, May 2009. 150 30 TBT USDA, FAS, <strong>India</strong>: HRI Food Service Sector, Annual 2007, December 14, 2007. 150 30 NR USDA, FAS, <strong>India</strong>: Exporter Guide, Annual 2008, October 1, 2008; <strong>and</strong> USDA, FAS, <strong>India</strong>: HRI Food Service Sector, Annual 2007, December 14, 2007. See footnotes at end <strong>of</strong> table.
TABLE E.1 <strong>India</strong>: U.S. agricultural products with sales potential—Continued Product(s) Potato products <strong>and</strong> other snack products Sauces, spreads, salad dressing, condiments, soups/broths, etc. Projected annual import growth in value (%) Source: Compiled by Commission staff. Growth period 10–15 2008–12 Growing Western-style, quick-service restaurant sector. 20 Annually Growing Western-style, quick-service restaurant <strong>and</strong> food processing sectors <strong>and</strong> increasing popularity <strong>of</strong> imported br<strong>and</strong>s. Tariff rate(s) (%) Market attractiveness for United States Constraints Bound Applied Processed food—Continued Competition from domestic suppliers. Competition from domestic, South Asian, <strong>and</strong> EU suppliers. Varies by product Varies by product Specific NTM/issue a TBT Source(s) USDA, FAS, <strong>India</strong>: Exporter Guide, Annual 2007, October 1, 2007. 55–150 30 TBT USDA, FAS, <strong>India</strong>: Exporter Guide, Annual 2008, October 1, 2008; USDA, FAS, <strong>India</strong>: HRI Food Service Sector, Annual 2007, December 14, 2007. a <strong>Nontariff</strong> measures (NTM) Codes: NR = Nothing reported; SPS = Sanitary <strong>and</strong> phytosanitary barriers; SR = State regulations; TBT = Technical barriers to trade other than SPS barriers <strong>and</strong> taxes (including, among others, labeling <strong>and</strong> packaging requirements, customs administration, <strong>and</strong> weights <strong>and</strong> measurements); <strong>and</strong> TX = Taxes. b Not applicable. E-9
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United States International Trade C
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U.S. International Trade Commission
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Abstract This report describes <str
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TABLE ES.1 India:
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U.S. agricultural products face str
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U.S. Foreign Direct Investment U.S.
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CONTENTS Page Abstract ............
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CONTENTS―Continued Chapter 6 <str
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CONTENTS―Continued Figures 1.1. <
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ACRONYMS AND TERMS AAY Antodaya Ann
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ACRONYMS AND TERMS—Continued RGGV
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TABLE 1.1 India: A
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FIGURE 1.1 India:
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India’s central
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Despite their weak economic pr<stro
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Approach Current India</str
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Bibliography Birner, Regina, Surupt
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World Bank. Agriculture for Develop
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FIGURE 2.1 India:
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TABLE 2.1 India: A
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FIGURE 2.3 India:
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premium); (2) India</strong
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include government export restricti
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TABLE 2.3 India: A
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FIGURE 2.6 India:
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Exports by Major Trading Partner <s
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CHAPTER 3 Domestic Consumption Over
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TABLE 3.2 India: P
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more likely to have been exposed to
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BOX 3.3 Indian Con
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TABLE 3.3 India: T
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are expected to see income growth <
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Food Preferences India</str
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Regional Variation Geographic <stro
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CCC. “Know India
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CHAPTER 4 Indian A
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For most crops, however, In
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The Farm Sector soybeans 29 —but
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Food processing in India</s
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BOX 4.1 The Central Government’s
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BOX 4.2 Does the Minimum Support Pr
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August 3, 2009, New Delhi announced
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known as zamindars, have doubled or
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that the PFA Act was strictly enfor
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———. Bharat Nirman: A Time-Bo
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Organisation for Economic Co-operat
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CHAPTER 5 TARIFFS Overview
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sensitive. They include vegetable f
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wholly milled rice and</str
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The Indian governm
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India also reporte
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Reference Prices Reference prices,
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Landing Fees <stro
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Simulated Effects
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and nuts” by $0.
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5-19 TABLE 5.4 India</stron
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Bibliography Acharya, Keya. “Thor
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Indian Express.com
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CHAPTER 6 Nontariff</strong
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foreign sources. 6 For example, SPS
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BOX 6.1 Milk and M
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BOX 6.2 Wheat—Continued Yet, <str
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perpetuated continuously. The impor
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notices that must be integrated wit
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import corn under the TRQ is too bu
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Customs Procedures India</s
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Corruption Interests within <strong
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TABLE 6.2 India: E
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Bibliography American Apparel <stro
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Mattson, Jeremy W., Won, W. Koo, <s
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———. 2009 National Trade Esti
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TABLE 7.1 India: C
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First Point of Sal
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Private mandis Som
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approximately 65 million households
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7-10 TABLE 7.2 India</stron
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poor communications infrastructure
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limited popularity with farmers bec
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The lack of infras
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found that 39 percent of</s
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Bibliography Banerjee, A. Dairying
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Tiwari, Shri Rajendra Kumar. “Pos
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FDI Regulations and</strong
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TABLE 8.2 India: A
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Food Processing and</strong
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There is not necessarily a strong l
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For processing of
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BOX 8.3 Restrictions on Foreign Joi
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Under certain circumstances, FDI ca
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commenced. States tend to be quick
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Bibliography Bahn, Niti, an
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International Center for Alcohol Po
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Page 192 and 193: BOX 9.1 The UPOV System for Plant V
Page 194 and 195: that the public sector in I
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Page 200 and 201: eggplant, which began field trials
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Page 205: APPENDIX A REQUEST LETTER
Page 208 and 209: The Honorable Sham L. Arano
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Page 213: APPENDIX C HEARING WITNESSES
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Page 219 and 220: Summary of Views <
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Page 225 and 226: to U.S. exports to India</s
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Page 233: APPENDIX E POTENTIAL FOR U.S. AGRIC
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Page 243: APPENDIX F INDIAN AGRICULTURAL PROD
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Page 250 and 251: is in nonirrigated areas with yield
Page 252 and 253: Consumption India
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Page 265: APPENDIX G UNION AND STATE/UNION TE
Page 268 and 269: certain agricultural goods in the p
Page 270 and 271: Bibliography Chaulan, Shri U.K. “
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Page 275 and 276: Producers determine the optimal sup
Page 277 and 278: Applied ad valorem tariff equivalen
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Page 281 and 282: Estimation of <str
Page 283 and 284: Bibliography Anderson, Kym, Mariann
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