revolutionary action movement (ram) - Michael Schwartz Library

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119 June 6th, Meredith was shot in the back by a white man with a shotgun . Taken to the hospital, major civil rights leaders pledge to continue the march . During the march, an ideological split occurred between Dr . King and SNCC and CORE . At a rally, Stokely began to shout, "We want Black Power," and the audience began chanting Black Power . Soon the Black Power <strong>movement</strong> was born nation-wide . Stokely Carmichael became, for while, the new black mass spokesman . Resulting from his efforts in Loundes County, Alabama to build an all black political party, the Black Panther Party formed in northern areas . In the early part of 1966, it was decided that many of the black revolutionaries across-the country who were engaging in armed struggle were isolated and needed a public organization from which to operate legally . When the shift towards Black Power occurred in SNCC, RAM decided to develop a public mass black political party . RAM began having a series of meetings with local nationalist organizers in Harlem, along with Harlem representatives of SNCC . These meeting, which were a coalition of activists, decided to set up an independent black political party which would be a northern support apparatus of the Loundes County Freedom Organization, whose symbol was the black panther . It was decided to call the party the Black Panther Party . Stanford wrote Carmichael asking if it was alright to use the name Black Panther . Through the New York SNCC office the word came back, "Ok, go ahead ." Queen Mother Audley Moore on July 13, 1966, began organizing weekly Black Nationalist Action Forums at the YMCA in Harlem . 10 Panther Party . These meetings were recruiting sessions for the Black 1OR iots, Civil and Criminal Disorders . (Washington, D .C . : U .S . Government Printing Office, 1969), p . 4237 .
120 The Black Panther Party was established in New York in August, 1966 . Stokely went to New York and met with the Party . Discussions centerd around ideology, direction and national expansion of the Party . It was decided that the Party would be a coalition of SNCC, RAM and other organizations . Through the organizational structure, a directive was sent to RAM cadres to develop a public coalition with community activists to develop the Black Panther Party . The purpose of the BPP was to provide a political alternative for black' people to the capitalist, racist Democratic and Republician parties and also exhaust the legal political means of protest . We saw that the purpose of the Black Panther Party was to offer Black people a radical political alternative to the political structure of this country . We did not see the Party as waging armed struggle but of moving the masses of our people to that political position and thereby to another stage of struggle . Even though armed struggle was being waged at this time, we needed a political and ideological forum that moved our people through struggle against the system, to that point . The purpose of the Black Panther Party was to exhaust the legal avenue of struggle within the systemll According to Alkamal Ahmed Muhammad, an ex-member of the New York Black Panther Party, the Black Panther Party was part of a city-wide network . The Black Panther Party had reached a broad stratum of people . Approximately 300 people attended weekly Black Panther Party meetings from July to October, 1966 . The BPP, with community groups, called a boycott of two elementary schools in Harlem on September 12, 1966, to protest the absence of black history reading materials in the New York school system . This 12 was the beginning of the community control of schools <strong>movement</strong> . 11 Akbar Muhammad Ahmad, "A Brief History of the Black Liberation Movement in the 1960's" Focus on RAM," unpublished, p .10 . 1978) . 12 Alkamal Ahmed Muhammad, Taped Interview (New York : December 20,
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REVOLUTIONARY ACTION MOVEMENT (RAM)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I . INTRO
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2 the black movement in the 1960's
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4 Therefore, the historical backgro
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liberation movement in America usua
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independent black nation . 5 Slave
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into urban centers gave rise to nat
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12 ideology of world black revoluti
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14 The protracted war of national l
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evolution is the central theme in G
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1 8 precipitious action, to attack
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20 Nationalist Movement as a whole
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2 2 dictatorship . This led to an e
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2 4 Also, Latin America went throug
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'6 b . the transition period, 1964-
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28 The racism black soldiers faced
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York City, Garveyites attacked whit
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3 2 Part of the ABB's program was o
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34 struggle for clarity (direction)
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36 Angelo Herndon, a Negro Communis
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38 its members told to join the Nat
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40 At its inception the CP attacked
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42 the Montgomery Improvement Assoc
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44 The student leaders decided to r
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46 first lieutenant, Elijah Karriem
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48 publicizing the infamous "Kissin
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50 because of their centrality to t
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52 a tactic for people in the Third
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54 Indians in Uruguay . The Tupamar
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56 In Argentina, the Revolutionary
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58 conversative leaders in the civi
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60 the most powerful military compl
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62 There are various accounts of th
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64 inciting to riot . As a result o
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66 position of supporting Martin Lu
Page 71 and 72: 68 coast RAM leadership . Plans wer
Page 73 and 74: 7 0 Mao goes on to state that it is
Page 75 and 76: 72 protracted . Guillen states : Wh
Page 77 and 78: CHAPTER FOUR EMERGENCE OF RAM The i
Page 79 and 80: 76 Freeman sent letters to the Chal
Page 81 and 82: 78 Philadelphia . One acquaintance
Page 83 and 84: 80 a series of ideological discussi
Page 85 and 86: 82 mass movement . 9 Queen Mother A
Page 87 and 88: 84 The demonstration was scheduled
Page 89 and 90: 86 dance . They called for support
Page 91 and 92: 88 Philadelphia voted with Freeman,
Page 93 and 94: 90 The leadership of the national o
Page 95 and 96: 92 Cleage's terms, a "strategy of c
Page 97 and 98: 94 James Foreman violently opposed
Page 99 and 100: were killed, eighty beaten, thirty-
Page 101 and 102: 98 into armed self-defense . It was
Page 103 and 104: 100 Executive Secretary . . . . . .
Page 105 and 106: 102 Information Agency (USIA) . The
Page 107 and 108: 104 a force which he had not develo
Page 109 and 110: 10 6 to go to the University of Al-
Page 111 and 112: CHAPTER FIVE THE RAM ORGANIZATION T
Page 113 and 114: All recruitment into the organizati
Page 115 and 116: and to purge the black community of
Page 117 and 118: In response to the U .S . increasin
Page 119 and 120: influence in northern black communi
Page 121: was a short lived group because of
Page 125 and 126: 12 2 Brother G ., an ex-Black Panth
Page 127 and 128: 12 4 cadre that would aid the vangu
Page 129 and 130: 126 mean attempting to unite all se
Page 131 and 132: 128 one hundred cities protesting t
Page 133 and 134: 130 RAM leadership . Also, new forc
Page 135 and 136: 132 most important thing in that pe
Page 137 and 138: 134 Eleven members of the RNA inclu
Page 139 and 140: 136 began to ask how to go about jo
Page 141 and 142: 138 in-glove with the corporation,
Page 143 and 144: 140 But DRUM Learned that in order
Page 145 and 146: 142 it supported black candidates w
Page 147 and 148: 14 4 In the meeting, it was analyze
Page 149 and 150: 146 racist . Reform was impossible
Page 151 and 152: 148 this position . These cautious
Page 153 and 154: 15 0 This ideology was placed in a
Page 155 and 156: 152 they were ahead of the masses p
Page 157 and 158: 154 The captive nation status of bl
Page 159 and 160: 156 that a historical lesson was of
Page 161 and 162: 158 and could become a "political M
Page 163 and 164: 160 RAM's view of revolution in tha
Page 165 and 166: 16 2 youth would lead the organizin
Page 167 and 168: 164 must be organized as well . The
Page 169 and 170: 166 enslaved . The fact that the U
Page 171 and 172: 168 The international program of RA
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17 0 true aspirations for self-dete
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172 One could make a fairly strong
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17 4 to wage a war of self-defense
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CHAPTER SEVEN RESPONSE OF THE STATE
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17 8 various military intelligence
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180 4 . Prevent militant Black Nati
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182 Intelligence information was ga
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184 "neutralize" him as an effectiv
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186 Malcolm X's break from the nati
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188 While the search of the first f
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190 country were arrested on variou
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192 block . Us, in a carload, would
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194 Churches that permitted the Pan
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196 the black liberation movement .
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198 system and its failure to inves
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200 The Revolutionary Action Moveme
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202 of the economic gains black peo
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APPENDIX A : Selected RAM Documents
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206 This can be done by telling fri
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208 rights leaders with the nationa
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210 it meant to black people . His
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21 2 To be read or given to Afro-Am
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214 THE CODE OF THE REVOLUTIONARY N
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APPENDIX B : BLACK GUARD DOCUMENTS
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218 know that we have been fighting
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220 1965, August Black Vanguard, Vo
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22 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY Ahmad,Muhummad Ak
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22 4 Cluster, Dick . "The Borning S
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226 Henderson, Jeff . "A Philip Ran
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228 . Marxism and Black Radicalism
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23 0 Sobel, Lester A ., ed . Politi
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