revolutionary action movement (ram) - Michael Schwartz Library

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23 robberies for funds . A highpoint in unrest occurred in Uruguay in 1965 . Strikes especially among banking and civil service workers, led by the half million member, National Workers Convention, convened a 48-hour general strike . The Uruguayan government responded with repression against the people's movement . In 1966, the government went on the offensive hunting Tupamaros, killing two, finding ammunition and hiding places . The struggle escalated in 1968 as inflation rose and the workers called a 24- hour general strike . In support of the strike the Tups (slang for Tupamaros) started kidnapping important public figures of the bourgeoisie and imperialist system to help force the Uruguayan government to meet the demands of the workers . Nunez concludes his book by dealing with the theory and practice of the Tups . He also shows how movements similar to the Tups are spreading across Latin America . 21 Moss begins his monograph on, Ruban Guerrilla Warfare , by developing an overview . He states how most strategists on guerrilla warfare, until recent times, thought that the city was the graveyard for revolutionaries . The author then gives a historical overview of terrorism as a political weapon . The section covers organizations such as the KKK, OAS in Algeria to the Narod Turkish People's Liberation Army, IRA, FLQ to the FLN . Moss then describes varieties in urban militancy and how political situations escaIateinto military ones . The author then describes how, since the death of Che Guevara in Bolivia, Latin American rural guerrillas movements failed . Latin American security forces who were equipped and "advised" by American counterinsurgency forces became increasingly able to handle rural uprisings . 21 Carlos Nunez, The Tu amaros : Urban Guerrillas of Uruguay (New York : Times Change Press, 1979) .
2 4 Also, Latin America went through the transition from rural based agricultural society to an urban industrial based society . Guerrillas dealing with these factors began to change their tactics and began to focus on the cities . Moss then goes on to describe the arsenal of the urban guerrilla which essentially deals with the tactics guerrillas use . The author then discusses the limits of urban guerrilla warfare . In his conclusion, Moss does not take a definite stand on whether urban guerrilla warfare can be successful or not . 22 This description of the methodological approach, major theories and concepts raised in this study was intended to provide the reader with a conceptual framework from which he can base his analysis of this study . To comprehend a social movement of a people, it is easier to grasp its internal dynamics by understanding the historical context from which it emerged . 22Robert Moss, Urban Guerrilla Warfare (London : The International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1971) .
Page 1 and 2: REVOLUTIONARY ACTION MOVEMENT (RAM)
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I . INTRO
Page 5 and 6: 2 the black movement in the 1960's
Page 7 and 8: 4 Therefore, the historical backgro
Page 9 and 10: liberation movement in America usua
Page 11 and 12: independent black nation . 5 Slave
Page 13 and 14: into urban centers gave rise to nat
Page 15 and 16: 12 ideology of world black revoluti
Page 17 and 18: 14 The protracted war of national l
Page 19 and 20: evolution is the central theme in G
Page 21 and 22: 1 8 precipitious action, to attack
Page 23 and 24: 20 Nationalist Movement as a whole
Page 25: 2 2 dictatorship . This led to an e
Page 29 and 30: '6 b . the transition period, 1964-
Page 31 and 32: 28 The racism black soldiers faced
Page 33 and 34: York City, Garveyites attacked whit
Page 35 and 36: 3 2 Part of the ABB's program was o
Page 37 and 38: 34 struggle for clarity (direction)
Page 39 and 40: 36 Angelo Herndon, a Negro Communis
Page 41 and 42: 38 its members told to join the Nat
Page 43 and 44: 40 At its inception the CP attacked
Page 45 and 46: 42 the Montgomery Improvement Assoc
Page 47 and 48: 44 The student leaders decided to r
Page 49 and 50: 46 first lieutenant, Elijah Karriem
Page 51 and 52: 48 publicizing the infamous "Kissin
Page 53 and 54: 50 because of their centrality to t
Page 55 and 56: 52 a tactic for people in the Third
Page 57 and 58: 54 Indians in Uruguay . The Tupamar
Page 59 and 60: 56 In Argentina, the Revolutionary
Page 61 and 62: 58 conversative leaders in the civi
Page 63 and 64: 60 the most powerful military compl
Page 65 and 66: 62 There are various accounts of th
Page 67 and 68: 64 inciting to riot . As a result o
Page 69 and 70: 66 position of supporting Martin Lu
Page 71 and 72: 68 coast RAM leadership . Plans wer
Page 73 and 74: 7 0 Mao goes on to state that it is
Page 75 and 76: 72 protracted . Guillen states : Wh
Page 77 and 78:
CHAPTER FOUR EMERGENCE OF RAM The i
Page 79 and 80:
76 Freeman sent letters to the Chal
Page 81 and 82:
78 Philadelphia . One acquaintance
Page 83 and 84:
80 a series of ideological discussi
Page 85 and 86:
82 mass movement . 9 Queen Mother A
Page 87 and 88:
84 The demonstration was scheduled
Page 89 and 90:
86 dance . They called for support
Page 91 and 92:
88 Philadelphia voted with Freeman,
Page 93 and 94:
90 The leadership of the national o
Page 95 and 96:
92 Cleage's terms, a "strategy of c
Page 97 and 98:
94 James Foreman violently opposed
Page 99 and 100:
were killed, eighty beaten, thirty-
Page 101 and 102:
98 into armed self-defense . It was
Page 103 and 104:
100 Executive Secretary . . . . . .
Page 105 and 106:
102 Information Agency (USIA) . The
Page 107 and 108:
104 a force which he had not develo
Page 109 and 110:
10 6 to go to the University of Al-
Page 111 and 112:
CHAPTER FIVE THE RAM ORGANIZATION T
Page 113 and 114:
All recruitment into the organizati
Page 115 and 116:
and to purge the black community of
Page 117 and 118:
In response to the U .S . increasin
Page 119 and 120:
influence in northern black communi
Page 121 and 122:
was a short lived group because of
Page 123 and 124:
120 The Black Panther Party was est
Page 125 and 126:
12 2 Brother G ., an ex-Black Panth
Page 127 and 128:
12 4 cadre that would aid the vangu
Page 129 and 130:
126 mean attempting to unite all se
Page 131 and 132:
128 one hundred cities protesting t
Page 133 and 134:
130 RAM leadership . Also, new forc
Page 135 and 136:
132 most important thing in that pe
Page 137 and 138:
134 Eleven members of the RNA inclu
Page 139 and 140:
136 began to ask how to go about jo
Page 141 and 142:
138 in-glove with the corporation,
Page 143 and 144:
140 But DRUM Learned that in order
Page 145 and 146:
142 it supported black candidates w
Page 147 and 148:
14 4 In the meeting, it was analyze
Page 149 and 150:
146 racist . Reform was impossible
Page 151 and 152:
148 this position . These cautious
Page 153 and 154:
15 0 This ideology was placed in a
Page 155 and 156:
152 they were ahead of the masses p
Page 157 and 158:
154 The captive nation status of bl
Page 159 and 160:
156 that a historical lesson was of
Page 161 and 162:
158 and could become a "political M
Page 163 and 164:
160 RAM's view of revolution in tha
Page 165 and 166:
16 2 youth would lead the organizin
Page 167 and 168:
164 must be organized as well . The
Page 169 and 170:
166 enslaved . The fact that the U
Page 171 and 172:
168 The international program of RA
Page 173 and 174:
17 0 true aspirations for self-dete
Page 175 and 176:
172 One could make a fairly strong
Page 177 and 178:
17 4 to wage a war of self-defense
Page 179 and 180:
CHAPTER SEVEN RESPONSE OF THE STATE
Page 181 and 182:
17 8 various military intelligence
Page 183 and 184:
180 4 . Prevent militant Black Nati
Page 185 and 186:
182 Intelligence information was ga
Page 187 and 188:
184 "neutralize" him as an effectiv
Page 189 and 190:
186 Malcolm X's break from the nati
Page 191 and 192:
188 While the search of the first f
Page 193 and 194:
190 country were arrested on variou
Page 195 and 196:
192 block . Us, in a carload, would
Page 197 and 198:
194 Churches that permitted the Pan
Page 199 and 200:
196 the black liberation movement .
Page 201 and 202:
198 system and its failure to inves
Page 203 and 204:
200 The Revolutionary Action Moveme
Page 205 and 206:
202 of the economic gains black peo
Page 207 and 208:
APPENDIX A : Selected RAM Documents
Page 209 and 210:
206 This can be done by telling fri
Page 211 and 212:
208 rights leaders with the nationa
Page 213 and 214:
210 it meant to black people . His
Page 215 and 216:
21 2 To be read or given to Afro-Am
Page 217 and 218:
214 THE CODE OF THE REVOLUTIONARY N
Page 219 and 220:
APPENDIX B : BLACK GUARD DOCUMENTS
Page 221 and 222:
218 know that we have been fighting
Page 223 and 224:
220 1965, August Black Vanguard, Vo
Page 225 and 226:
22 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY Ahmad,Muhummad Ak
Page 227 and 228:
22 4 Cluster, Dick . "The Borning S
Page 229 and 230:
226 Henderson, Jeff . "A Philip Ran
Page 231 and 232:
228 . Marxism and Black Radicalism
Page 233 and 234:
23 0 Sobel, Lester A ., ed . Politi
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