revolutionary action movement (ram) - Michael Schwartz Library

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In Argentina, the Revolutionary Workers Party and the People's Revolutionary
Army led
by Mario Roberto Santucho emerged waging urban guerrilla
war . Brazil, in 1966, witnessed the development of many guerrilla organi
zations resulting from political splits within the Brazilian left .
16
The
Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR), basing its strategy on a rural
insurrectional foco, planned rural armed struggle in conjunction with the
Bolivian guerrilla struggle, then led by Che
Guevara, to mark the opening
of armed struggle throughout the Cono Sur-the southern portion of Latin
America . Based in the Caparao mountains, the RNM was surrounded by a batallion
of the Brazilian First Army in 1967 and a whole guerrilla detachment
was captured . The failure of rural guerrilla warfare in Brazil and Bolivia
caused the surviving Brazilian left to make their foco the cities .
In 1967, Carlos Marighella formed the Action for National Liberation
(ALN) .
In February, 1968, the ALN published the Standpoint Manifesto describing
the specific laws and requirements the struggle was subject to
according to the unique conditions of Brazil . By August 1968, the ALN
staged a spectacular train expropriation of about $30,000 .
In March, 1968, the United States Consulate in Sao Paulo was bombed
by the RNM . In June, 1968, RNM commandos attacked the Sao Paulo Army
Hospital, surprising Brazilain army guards and seizing ten of the latest
FAL rifles just acquired by the Brazilian Army .
The Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM) opened another urban armed
struggle in Rio in 1969 . RAM commandos attacked the military prison of
Lemos de Brito and liberated six comrades . The RAM then carried out a
16 Mario Roberto Santucho, Argentina : Bourgeois Power, Revolutionary
Power (Oakland, Calif . : Resistance Pub ., 1975) .