fm 44-100 us army air and missile defense operations

FM 44-100
force protection. Identification of on-order air defense missions for aviation
occurs during the formulation of the commander's plan. The plan includes
command relationships and detailed control measures for the employment of
aviation in an air defense role.
INTELLIGENCE
6-35. Intelligence and electronic warfare (IEW) assets contribute to OCA,
DCA, and TMD operations. Coordination for the use of IEW systems, including
joint assets, against OCA and TMD targets is similar to coordination for
fire support and involves the G3, G2, FSCOORD, and AMDCOORD. IEW
supports air defense operations through electronic attack and electronic warfare
support on air targets. Careful planning and execution of electronic warfare
complements surface-to-air fires. IEW can also provide for surveillance,
identification, and classification of hostile air targets aiding ADA greatly
through early warning.
6-36. The AMDCOORD coordinates with the G2 or S2 to ensure air and missile
defense requirements are met after the identification of all PIR and IR
during the planning phase. The G2's collection manager then ensures specific
orders and requests fully support those requirements. The collection manager
also synchronizes collection and reporting to deliver relevant information on
time. This process involves the prioritization of scarce resources to meet
many intelligence requirements (IR). A request for intelligence information is
generated when organic assets cannot satisfy an IR. The focus of tactical intelligence
could include forward operating bases, FARP, missile and UAV capabilities,
electronic warfare systems, logistics facilities, and command and
control nodes. The interface between the AMDCOORD and G2 or S2 is essential
for many reasons including a coordinated and accurate evaluation of enemy
air and missile capabilities.
COMBINED ARMS FOR AIR DEFENSE
6-37. Participants on the battlefield must be capable of firing in self-defense
at enemy attack or surveillance aircraft. Small arms and crew-served weapons
fire against rotary- and fixed-wing aircraft, UAVs, and cruise missiles
thus providing a significant terminal defense. Individual and crew-served
weapons can mass their fires against air threats. The massed use of guns in
local air defense causes enemy air to increase their standoff range for surveillance
and weapons delivery and increase altitude in transiting to and
from targets. These reactions make enemy air more vulnerable to ADA.
CAFAD training and tactical SOPs enable units to effectively prepare for selfdefense
against air attack.
AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSE PLANNING
6-38. Joint operations planning is performed according to policies and procedures
established in the Joint Operations Planning and Execution System
(JOPES). JOPES supports and integrates joint operations planning activities
at the national, theater, and supporting command levels. It interrelates with
three other national systems: the National Security Council System; the
Joint Strategic Planning System; and the Planning, Programming, and
Budgeting System. JOPES is the principal system for translating decisions
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