fm 44-100 us army air and missile defense operations

FM 44-100
8-8
scope of the peacekeeping operation in detail. It typically determines the size
and type of force each participating nation will contribute. It also specifies
the terms or conditions the host nation intends to impose on the presence of
the force or mission and a clear statement of the functions the peacekeeping
force is to perform.
8-43. A peacekeeping force deters violent acts by its physical presence at
violence-prone locations. It collects information through means such as
observation posts, patrols, and aerial reconnaissance.
8-44. ADA may play a major role in this operation. ADA units will be used to
deter the threat from using missiles, aircraft, and UAVs. HIMAD units will
be key systems in support of this operation, especially considering the
proliferation of offensive missiles. Historical examples of this type of
operation are the support to NATO and the Republic of Korea. The
continuing presence of Patriot units in southwest Asia provides a current
example of peacekeeping operations. Special rules of engagement apply to
this type of operation and are usually very restrictive.
8-45. ADA provides capabilities that are critical for other types of
peacekeeping operations as well. HIMAD units are integrated into the joint
counterair campaign to enforce no-fly zones and safe havens established by
the United Nations. In these types of operations, the establishment of ROE,
air and missile defense procedures and measures, and a fully capable BM/C4I
system is critical. Of major concern in peacekeeping air and missile defense
operations, is the identification of friendly aircraft operating in the no-fly
zone or safe haven. Participation in these operations by nations with different
types of aircraft with diverse IFF and communications capabilities makes
discrimination of friendly aircraft difficult.
PEACE ENFORCEMENT
8-46. Peace enforcement operations are military operations in support of
diplomatic efforts to restore peace between hostile factions that may not be
consenting to intervention and may be engaged in combat activities. Peace
enforcement implies the use of force or its threat to coerce hostile factions to
cease and desist from violent actions. Units conducting peace enforcement,
therefore, cannot maintain their objective neutrality in every instance. They
must be prepared at all times to apply elements of combat power to restore
order, separate warring factions, and return the environment to conditions
more conducive to civil order and discipline.
8-47. ADA units may play a major role in providing force protection and
protection of geopolitical assets from missile or air attack. By denying one of
the warring parties the advantage of air power, peace may be established
quicker. An area where ADA may see increasing participation is the
enforcement of no-fly zones.
SHOW OF FORCE
8-48. A show of force is a mission carried out to demonstrate US resolve in
which US forces deploy to defuse a situation that may be detrimental to US
interests or national objectives. Shows of force lend credibility to the nation's
commitments, increase regional influence, and demonstrate resolve. These