fm 44-100 us army air and missile defense operations

FM44-100
MANAGEMENT BY EXCEPTION
5-93. The principle of management by exception reinforces the theme that no
one commander can direct the overall air defense battle on a real-time basis.
If a unit is operating in the decentralized mode of control for engagement
operations, a higher echelon monitoring the air battle may make direct target
assignments to that unit on a management by exception basis. This would be
done when necessary to ensure proper fire distribution, to prevent
engagement of friendly air platforms, or to prevent simultaneous
engagements of hostile air targets.
ENGAGEMENT OPERATIONS PROCEDURES
5-94. Engagement operations procedures facilitate the integration of air and
missile defense into both the force commander concept of the operation and
the battle for air superiority. The AADC establishes and promulgates JFC
approved ROE for air and missile defense.
5-95. Warning procedures and alert statuses alert, prepare, or cause units to
build up for combat action. Most warning procedures and alert statuses have
specific application for air and missile defense forces.
DEFENSE READINESS CONDITIONS
5-96. Defense readiness conditions (DEFCON) describe progressive alert
postures primarily for use between the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the
commanders of unified commands. Defense readiness conditions are
graduated to match situations of varying military severity, and are numbered
5,4,3,2, and 1 as appropriate. Defense readiness conditions are most
applicable to national missile defense.
WEAPONS ALERT DESIGNATORS
5-97. Weapons alert designators (WAD) describe a progressive system of alert
postures. They are used by the AD commander to specify minimum
percentages of ADA fire units within parent organizations that are required
to be at given states of readiness. ADA commanders use weapons alert
designators to meet the threat, provide maintenance, and allow crew rest. An
example WAD system is illustrated in tables 5-3 and 5-4, page 5-22.
STATES OF READINESS AND STATES OF EMISSIONS CONTROL
5-98. States of readiness (SOR) describe the degree of readiness of ADA fire
units and sensors expressed in minutes from time of alert notification to time
of weapon firing or sensor in operation. States of readiness can also be
modified to include emission control and system configuration considerations
and are then called states of emission (SOE) control. SOR and SOE are based
on the WAD and air defense warning. ADA battalion commanders for their
subordinate batteries, platoons, and fire units normally designate them.
Additionally, SOR and SOE can be used to specify personnel manning
requirements. ADA commanders use WAD, SOR, and SOE to ready the force
in a logical way for action against the enemy while retaining the ability to
stand down units for rest or maintenance. Table 5-5 and table 5-6, page 5-23,
is an example of a sample SOR/SOE system. Actual timelines and manning
5-21