fm 44-100 us army air and missile defense operations

FM 44-100
operations can influence other governments or politico-military organizations
to respect US interests and international law. They can take the form of
combined training exercises, rehearsals, forward deployment of military
forces, or introduction and buildup of military forces in a region. The
appearance of a credible military force can underscore national policy
interests and commitment, improve host-nation military readiness and
morale, and provide an insight into US values.
8-49. ADA units are ideally suited for this role. ADA provides purely
defensive weapons, so the introduction of ADA forces does not lead to further
escalation of tensions. A belligerent nation will not consider deployment of an
ADA unit as threatening as the deployment of a unit with offensive
capabilities. Early deployment of ADA shows US national resolve. It positions
the unit in country to support follow-on force-projection operations. ADA will
provide a forward presence and defend APODs and SPODs that support
protecting the force in the deployment phase of a contingency operation.
Patriot batteries deployed to Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Bahrain after the
Persian Gulf War are examples of shows of force.
SUPPORT FOR INSURGENCIES AND COUNTERINSURGENCIES
8-50. US military forces may assist either insurgent movements or host
nation governments opposing the insurgency at the direction of the National
Command Authority. In both instances, the military instrument of US
national power predominantly supports political, economic, and informational
objectives.
8-51. The US will use its military resources to provide assistance to a host
nation's counterinsurgency operations in the context of foreign internal
defense (FID) through logistical and training support measures. FID is the
participation by civilian and military agencies in any of the action programs
another government takes to free and protect its society from subversion,
lawlessness, and insurgency. The US ambassador, through the country team,
provides the focal point for interagency coordination and supervision of FID.
Military support to FID is provided through the unified CINC.
8-52. Depending on the threat, all types of ADA units may support this type
of operation. However, it is most probable that light ADA units such as
Stinger and Avenger will play a major role.
ATTACKS AND RAIDS
8-53. The Army conducts attacks and raids to create situations that permit
seizing and maintaining political and military initiative. Normally, the US
executes attacks and raids to achieve specific objectives other than gaining or
holding terrain. Attacks by conventional ground, air, or special operations
forces acting independently or in concert are used to damage or destroy highvalue
targets or to demonstrate US capability and resolve to achieve a
favorable result. Raids are usually small-scale operations involving swift
penetration of hostile territory to secure information, temporarily seize an
objective, or destroy a target. Raids are followed by a rapid, preplanned
withdrawal. These operations also occur in war. Stinger units are ideally
suited to this type of operation. ADA provides force protection and defense of
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