fm 44-100 us army air and missile defense operations

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FM44-100 zones are examples of supplemental fire control measures. Joint Pub 3-52, FM 100-103, and FM 100-103-1 provide further details. POSITIVE CONTROL 5-79. Positive control relies upon near-real-time data from sensors, IFF, computers, digital data links, and communications equipment to provide airspace and air defense control. Positive control is desirable but not always possible due to battlefield conditions and inherent system vulnerabilities. Facilities for positive control are subject to direct attack, sabotage, or jamming. Line-of-sight requirements and limited communications can also restrict the availability of data from facilities that are operational. PROCEDURAL CONTROL 5-80. Procedural control overcomes positive control and identification shortcomings. Procedural control relies upon techniques such as segmenting airspace by volume, time, and using weapon control statuses. Procedural techniques are usually more restrictive than positive techniques but are less vulnerable to degradation from electronic or physical attack. Procedural control enhances the continuity of operations under the adverse conditions expected on the battlefield. For example, it provides an immediate backup system should degradation of positive control occur. Additionally, procedural techniques provide a management means for air defense systems that do not have near-real-time data transmission capabilities. MIX OF POSITIVE AND PROCEDURAL CONTROL 5-81. An optimum method of controlling air defense operations is a mix of positive and procedural techniques. Commanders charged with air battle management consider the factors of METT-TC in their analysis. They specifically focus on mission, AO, and the threat expected. 5-82. For positive management, commanders consider the numbers and types of electronic means available. This will vary according to the depth of the battlefield. As operations move farther forward, available means for positive control decrease, necessitating additional procedural management. 5-83. Air traffic behind the division generally moves in ways that are normally well suited for positive control. Air defense is usually in a critical or static asset defense role in this area. In this area of the battlefield, positive control is easier to effect and is usually the preferred method. 5-84. Forward of the corps, the generally high volume of aircraft and friendly missiles can make positive control extremely difficult. Flexible and varying missions can also necessitate more reliance on procedural control. 5-85. The nature of the theater may also dictate what type of control is used. Mature theaters have elaborate and tested electronic management facilities in place. Contingency theaters may have no such systems in place and will rely more heavily on procedural control. As the lodgment area expands and additional assets arrive in the theater, a transition to positive control may take place. 5-19
FM44-100 ENGAGEMENT OPERATIONS PRINCIPLES 5-86. Effective battle command enables air defense forces to successfully perform combat missions and support overall force objectives. The following fundamental principles form the basis for air defense engagement operations: • centralized control with decentralized execution • air battle management • management by exception CENTRALIZED CONTROL WITH DECENTRALIZED EXECUTION 5-87. Centralized control with decentralized execution permits the full exploitation of the combat effectiveness of air defense operations at each level of command. Centralized control ensures unity of effort. Decentralized execution gives subordinate commanders the flexibility that is essential to achieve the tenet of agility. 5-88. Centralized control is essential to ensure integration and control of all air defense assets from the ADA brigade down to the ADA fire unit to maximize their collective effect on the battlefield. Centralized control also facilitates the synchronization of offensive and defensive operations within the Army and among all the participants in joint or multinational operations. In the case of Army ADA, centralized control is executed through compliance with theater ROE and AMD weapon control procedures and measures. Data integration and operational control complete the synchronization. 5-89. Decentralized execution is necessary because the number of activities associated with air defense operations prevents any one commander from effectively controlling all air defense forces and actions. Decentralized execution also enables air defense assets to maximize their individual capabilities and meet the extreme engagement time lines of air and missile threats. Thorough planning and coordination link centralized control and decentralized execution. AIR BATTLE MANAGEMENT 5-90. Airspace control and AMD engagement operations are coordinated through the principle of air battle management. Air battle management maximizes the effectiveness of both offensive and defensive operations. 5-91. Air battle management is essential in an air environment that has large quantities of both enemy and friendly air users. Current weapon systems, although highly sophisticated, do not possess infallible identification technology. Therefore, the goal of air battle management is to control the engagement of air targets, ensuring the destruction of enemy aircraft and missiles while preventing fratricide and unnecessary multiple engagements. 5-20 5-92. Coordination is necessary to prevent interference among all airspace users. As a participant in air battle management, the AMDCOORD at each level of command ensures close coordination among all airspace users. Management of the air battle employs a mix of positive and procedural control measures.
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HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
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FM 44-100 Chapter 3 Command, Contro
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Preface FM 44-100 is the Army Air D
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FM 44-100 1-2 missiles, and unmanne
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FM 44-100 AIR DEFENSE IN FORCE PROT
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FM 44-100 1-6 1-30. An aircraft thr
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FM 44-100 1-8 BLANK 1-8
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FM 44-100 TACTICAL BALLISTIC MISSIL
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FM 44-100 2-4 warheads, to include
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FM 44-100 HELICOPTERS 2-6 2-12. UAV
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FM 44-100 2-8 What makes Fixed-Wing
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FM 44-100 2-10 military role as the
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FM 44-100 3-2 air power threatens f
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FM 44-100 Passive missile defense 3
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FM 44-100 3-6 components involved i
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FM 44-100 Command and Control Syste
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FM 44-100 3-10 Subordinate commande
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FM 44-100 Theater Missile Intellige
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FM 44-100 Employment of Active Air
Page 39 and 40: FM 44-100 3-16 preparation for JTMD
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Page 45 and 46: FM 44-100 3-22 Tasks to national fo
Page 47 and 48: FM 44-100 4-2 effective units. In a
Page 49 and 50: FM 44-100 TECHNOLOGY 4-4 4-18. Beca
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Page 55 and 56: FM 44-100 4-10 4-55. The theater co
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Page 59 and 60: FM 44-100 ANTICIPATION 4-14 defense
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Page 73 and 74: FM44-100 Leadership COMMAND 5-2 res
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Page 77 and 78: FM44-100 COMMANDER 5-6 5-27. The co
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Page 81 and 82: FM44-100 5-10 5-40. The DAADC, comb
Page 83 and 84: FM44-100 BATTLE COMMAND ORGANIZATIO
Page 85 and 86: FM44-100 Attached OPCON 5-14 Relati
Page 87 and 88: FM44-100 Reinforcing 5-16 5-62. A r
Page 89: FM44-100 5-18 single Army point of
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Page 95 and 96: FM44-100 5-24 • Snowman. Attack i
Page 97 and 98: FM44-100 5-26 weapon systems being
Page 99 and 100: FM44-100 Air Defense Operations Are
Page 101 and 102: FM44-100 5-30 5-141. Four common te
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Page 105 and 106: FM 44-100 Mature Theaters 6-4. Alli
Page 107 and 108: FM 44-100 Win the Information War 6
Page 109 and 110: FM 44-100 Joint Force Land Componen
Page 111 and 112: FM 44-100 6-8 AMDCOORD bases the re
Page 113 and 114: FM 44-100 6-10 into operation plans
Page 115 and 116: FM 44-100 6-12 OPLANs to meet strat
Page 117 and 118: FM 44-100 6-14 6-58. The AADC devel
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Page 121 and 122: FM 44-100 6-18 • Monitors TADIL a
Page 123 and 124: FM 44-100 6-20 EAC CORPS DIVISION B
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Page 127 and 128: FM 44-100 Move Communicate Sustain
Page 129 and 130: FM 44-100 6-26 6-114. The DA functi
Page 131 and 132: FM 44-100 Logistics Support Element
Page 133 and 134: FM 44-100 Continuity Responsiveness
Page 135 and 136: FM 44-100 7-6 CSS facilities to sup
Page 137 and 138: FM 44-100 ARMING FUELING 7-8 7-36.
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FM 44-100 FUELING FIXING 7-12 firin
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FM 44-100 Personnel Service Support
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FM 44-100 Quality of Life 7-16 7-84
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FM 44-100 7-18 BLANK 7-18
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FM 44-100 PRINCIPLES OBJECTIVE SECU
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FM 44-100 8-4 domestic violence or
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FM 44-100 8-6 economic alternatives
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FM 44-100 8-8 scope of the peacekee
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FM 44-100 8-10 critical assets that
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FM 44-100 AREA OF OPERATIONS A-5. T
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FM 44-100 Key Terrain A-4 A-15. Key
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FM 44-100 A-6 • Cloud cover and c
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FM 44-100 A-8 • Countermeasures e
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FM 44-100 EVENT TEMPLATE A-35. An e
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FM 44-100 AIR DEFENSE ANNEX FORMAT
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FM 44-100 AIR DEFENSE ESTIMATE NUMB
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FM 44-100 B-6 (Classification) ANNE
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FM 44-100 B-8 BLANK B-8
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FM 44-100 C-2 C-6. One type orbit t
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FM 44-100 C-4 haul communications b
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FM 44-100 C-6 If this is done in th
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FM 44-100 C-8 C-31. TERS will trans
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FM 44-100 C-10 BLANK C-10
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FM 44-100 D-2 BLANK D-2
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AGCCS AGL AGTS AI Air defense Air D
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ARM ARNG ARSPACE ASAS ASAT ASCC ASC
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CHS CINC CINCNORAD CIU CJCS Classif
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DS DSA DSCS DSCSOC DSMC DSP DSS-1 D
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FU FW G1 G2 G3 G4 GCI GEM GEOREF GF
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JFLCC JFMCC JFSOCC JICO JOA Joint f
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LS LSA LSDIS LSMU LZ MAGTF MANPADS
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OIC OLS OOTW OP OPCON OPLAN OPORD O
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RTO RW RWCIU RWR RWS S S1 S2 S3 S4
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TASM TBM TCA TCO TCS TD TDA TDDS TE
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W WAD WAN WCS WEZ WMD XO west weapo
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FM 44-100 Bibliography-2 BLANK Bibl
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FM 44-100 Chemical weapons, 2-10 Cl
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FM 44-100 TAAMDCOORD, 5-8, 5-9, fig
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PIN: 021672-000
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