fm 44-100 us army air and missile defense operations

FM44-100
5-24
• Snowman. Attack is not likely. Enemy aircraft and/or missiles are
more than 100 km from the boundaries of a unit AO and no tactical
ballistic missile launch are detected.
RULES OF ENGAGEMENT
5-103. Rules of engagement (ROE) are the positive and procedural
management directives that specify the circumstances and limitations under
which forces will initiate or continue combat engagement with encountered
forces. The JFC approves the theater ROE. These established ROE enable
the AADC to retain control of the air battle by prescribing the exact
conditions under which engagements may take place. ROE apply to all
warfare participants in the theater and are disseminated to all echelons of
air, land, and sea forces. There are seven ROE categories. The first three
ROE are applicable to all air defense contributors. The others are primarily
for ADA forces. The seven categories of ROE are as follows:
• right of self defense
• hostile criteria
• weapon control status
• level of control
• modes of control
• autonomous operations
• fire control orders
Right of Self Defense
5-104. Commanders at all echelons have the responsibility to take whatever
action is necessary to protect their forces and equipment against air or
missile attack. When under attack, the right of self-defense takes precedence
over any other established rules and procedures that normally govern
engagements. Self-defense operations allow friendly units to defend
themselves against direct attacks or threats of attack through the use of
organic weapons and systems. The right of self-defense is inherent in all ROE
and weapon control procedures.
Hostile Criteria
5-105. Hostile criteria are basic rules that assist in the identification of
friendly or hostile air platforms (FW/RW aircraft, CMs, UAVs). These rules
are promulgated by the commanders of unified commands and by other
appropriate commanders when so authorized. The commander who
establishes hostile criteria parameters may consider the factors of speed,
altitude, and heading or other requirements within specified volumes of
airspace. The commander may also consider specific threat characteristics or
hostile acts. Echelons having identification authority use hostile criteria to
determine the identification of detected air targets. The highest echelon
capable of managing engagement operations normally retains identification
authority. Upon target detection, fire units with near-real-time data
transmission capability assist the controlling authority by forwarding target
information. The controlling authority makes final target identification and
will delegate engagement authority. Delegation of the controlling and