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106 117 OEAMV Homera regulates the activityinduced remodeling of synaptic structures in cultured hippocampal neurons 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Homer1a LTP seizure PSD95 Homer1cFactin 1h 4h8hshRNA Homer1a knock down Homer1a OEAMV PIPKα regulates neuronal microtubule depolymerase KIFA and suppresses elongation of axon branches 1,2,3 1,2 1 4 4 1 1 2 3 4 Neuronal morphology is regulated by the cytoskeleton. Kinesin superfamily protein 2A KIF2A depolymerizes microtubules MTs at growth cones and regulates axon pathfinding. The factors regulating KIF2A in neurite development remain elusive. Here, using immunoprecipitation with an antibody specific to KIF2A, we identified phosphatidylinositol 4phosphate 5kinase PIPK as a candidate membrane protein that regulates the activity of KIF2A. Yeast two hybrid and biochemical assays demonstrated direct binding between KIF2A and PIPKα. Partial colocalization of the clusters of punctate signals for these two molecules was detected by confocal microscopy and photoactivated localization microscopy. Additionally, the MTdepolymerizing activity of KIF2A was enhanced in the presence of PIPKα in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a novel PIPK mediated mechanism controlling MT dynamics in neurite remodeling. OFAMIII SNAP SNARE SNARE SNAP23 SNAP23 tSNARE SNAP23 SNAP23 SNAP23 CreloxP NestinCre 2 SNAP23 OFAMIII GM130 GBF1 810 GM130 GBF1 GM130 GBF1 OFAMIII 1 1 2 1 2 7 30 15 20 15 δ2 15 δ2 20 δ2 α2 15 20 OFAMIII Input pathway and target cell typedependent regulation of synaptic AMPAR subunits in hippocampal CA region 1 2 3 3 3 1 1 Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, 2 Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 3 Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University The AMPAtype glutamate receptor AMPAR is a tetramer of GluA subunits GluA1A4. Subunit combinations and contents of synaptic AMPAR are the major determinants of physiological properties of glutamatergic synapses. In the present study, the composition of synaptic AMPAR was investigated using subunitspecific antibodies and riboprobes in the mouse hippocampal CA1. Multiplelabeling in situ hybridization revealed that the subunit combination in pyramidal cells was GluA1, GluA2, and GluA3. Interneurons were high for GluA1, GluA3, and GluA4, and almost negative for GluA2. Exceptionally, parvalbumin PVpositive cells expressed all four subunits at high levels. Quantitative immunogold analyses revealed that labeling densities in Schaffer collateralCA1 pyramidal cell synapses were much higher than those in perforant path synapses, showing input pathwaydependent distribution. Synapses on PV positive cells displayed 23 times higher labeling densities for all four subunits than those on PVnegative interneurons. These results indicate that the subunit combinations and content of synaptic AMPAR are differently regulated by input pathway and target cell typedependent manners.
117 107 OFAMIV 1 1 1 2 3 4 3 1 1 1 2 3 4 1 Muse Muse Muse neoblast 5 Muse Muse 3 2 Muse Muse OFAMIV Pax7 Pax7 in vitro OFAMIV 1,2 3 1,2 1,2 3 1,2 1 II 2 3 Shi 2004, 2009 CD146 fluorescent activate cell sorter in vitro CD146 CD146 CD146 CD146 2 CD146 OFAMV BMP dexamethasone 1,2 1,2 1,2 1 1 2 dexamethasone Dex Dex Dex ROBC26 C26 BMP2 C26 BMP2 Dex Dex C26 BMP2 OsterixOSX Dex BMP2 OSX OSX Dex Dex C26 BMP2 Dex OFAMV 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 4 7 1 2 3 4 5 JAXA ISS 6 7 2010 5 ISS STS132ISS 86 Flight μG, FμGFlight 1G, F1G Ground 1G 3 FμG F1G FμG OFAMV basolateral ventral ventral RB AR 2 ventral AP Unroofing ventral AP TEM AR RB AR ventral AR RB ventral AP RB AR RB AP AR integrin endocytosis
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40 117 E L C LC ::OEPM I
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42 117 E L C LC ::OEAM III
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44 117 2OHAMIII2 2OHAMIII3 1
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46 117 F L C LC ::OFPM VI 3
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48 117 :: I 1P001 S100A
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50 117 1P073 Makoto Naganuma Acti
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52 117 2P018 Conserved properti
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56 117 3P027 3P028 ABC 3P0
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Page 77 and 78: 117 69 S The role of autophagyrela
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117 157 P αMangostin 1 2
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117 159 P 1 1 1 1 2 1
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117 161 P planar cell polarity
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117 163 P The metabolism of choles
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117 171 P PACAP 1,2 1,3 Ran
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117 177 P 1 2 3 4,5 4
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196 117 3P042 2OFAMV2 3OEPM
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200 117 2OHAMI1 2OHAMIII3 1P0
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