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58 Suppressed Inventions and Other Discoveries
For example, Smith and Gallo published another National Academy of
Sciences paper examining DNA polymerase (i.e., reverse transcriptase)
activity in immature normal versus acute leukemic lymph cells. To do so,
they evaluated the single stranded 70S RNA retrovirus found in chickens
which causes prominent features of AIDS including WBC dysfunction,
sarcomas, progressive wasting and death. 16 Borrow, Smith and Gallo
injected this chicken virus RNA into human WBCs to determine if the
cells were prompted to produce proteins (including new viruses) encoded
by the viral RNA. 17 Robert, Smith and Gallo also evaluated the neoplastic
effects of single stranded 70S RNA reverse transcriptase delivered by
the cat leukemia virus (FELV) and the mason-Pfizer monkey virus on normal
human lymphocytes (NHL). 18
This work foreshadowed the observation made ten years later by the
CDC's chief AIDS researcher, Dr. Donald Francis who noted the "laundry
list" of feline leukemia-like diseases associated with AIDS. 3
Other examples are detailed by Gallo and co-workers while discussing
their adapting monkey, rat, and bird leukemia and tumor viruses for experimental
use in a human (NC-37) cell line. 19 Wu, Ting and Gallo 20 discussed
the synthesis of new RNA tumor viruses "induced by 5-iodo-2'-
deoxyuridine, IdU (a constituent of RNA) in rodent cell cultures, and
noted that chemotherapy might be used to halt the reverse transcriptaselinked
viral reproduction.
However, had HIV been synthesized for military purposes from various
species components, it would be difficult, if not impossible, to prove. As
Gillespie, Gillespie and Gallo et al. noted in 1973 concerning the origin of
the RD114—another cat/human bioengineered virus—"it can always be
argued that" a virus which naturally jumped species (as HIV is alleged to
have done from the monkey) would be expected to have antigens that differ
"from the antigen found on the viruses of known" origin. 21
LITTON BIONETICS: GALLO'S LINK TO THE DOD
Four years later, during a U.S. Senate investigation of illegal "biological
testing involving human subjects by the Department of Defense,"
Senators learned that Bionetics, Bionetics Research Laboratories, and
Litton Bionetics—an organization which, along with the NCI, administered
and provided Dr. Gallo's research funding 10,13,15,17-19,22,26 were not
only acknowledged DOD biological weapons contractors, but their affiliated
Litton Systems, Inc., was among the most frequently contracted institutions
involved in biological weapons research and development
between 1960 and 1970 (the end of the reported period). 23 Additional biological
weapons contractors with whom Dr. Gallo and/or his co-workers
associated during the late 1960s and early 1970s included the University of