Financing Child Care in the United States - Ewing Marion Kauffman ...

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ABOUT THE AUTHORS ANNE MITCHELL Anne Mitchell President Early Childhood Policy Research 1250 Honey Hollow Road Climax, NY 12042 Phone (518) 966 4585 Fax (518) 966 5503 E–mail awmitchell@aol.com Anne Mitchell is the president of Early Childhood Policy Research, an independent consulting firm specializing in evaluation research, policy analysis and planning on child care/early education for government, foundations and national nonprofit organizations. Previously she was Associate Dean of Research at Bank Street College of Education in New York City, where she co–directed the first national study of public schools as providers of programs for children under 6 and states as funders of prekindergarten programs. She founded Bank Street’s graduate program in Early Childhood Leadership, using her experience directing child care centers in Massachusetts and Vermont. Mitchell has served five years on the Greenville (NY) Board of Education, currently as its president. She is a member of the Governing Board of the National Association for the Education of Young Children. LOUISE STONEY Louise Stoney Principal Stoney Associates 308 Thais Road Albany, NY 12018 Phone (518) 674 5635 Fax (518) 674 2799 E–mail Lstoney95@aol.com Louise Stoney is an early childhood policy specialist and founder of Stoney Associates, a research and consulting firm specializing in early childhood policy. Stoney has worked in public policy for more than 15 years, including positions as a staff member in the New York State Legislature, policy director for an early childhood advocacy organization and instructor for the Center for Women in Government at the State University of New York at Albany. She is a Technical Assistance Specialist for the National Child Care Information Center in the states of Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Vermont. Additionally, Stoney consults with state and local government, national policy organizations, child advocacy groups and foundations. Her most recent report, Looking Into New Mirrors: Lessons for Early Childhood Finance and System–Building, explores policy in four fields: housing, higher education, health care and transportation, and identifies challenges and lessons for leaders and policy–makers interested in applying these policies to early childhood. HARRIET DICHTER Harriet Dichter Director of Children’s Policy 1430 Municipal Services Building 1401 John F. Kennedy Boulevard Philadelphia, PA 19102 Phone (215) 686 9002 Fax (215) 686 3494 E–mail or harriet.dichter@phila.gov hdichter@aol.com Harriet Dichter is Children’s Policy Director for the City of Philadelphia, Managing Director’s Office, where she counts among her duties responsibility for the development and oversight of Philadelphia’s Office of Child Care. Most recently she served as deputy director at Philadelphia Citizens for Children and Youth, an independent children’s public policy and advocacy organization. In that capacity, she led the public policy and advocacy work for Child Care Matters, which is profiled in this volume. Dichter previously served as a program officer for The Pew Charitable Trusts, where she worked closely on issues of child care policy and financing; directed the Maternal and Child Health Office of the Philadelphia Department of Public Health; and worked as a legal services attorney. She is a graduate of Yale University and the University of Pennsylvania Law School. ii
ABOUT THE GRANTEE PHILADELPHIA CITIZENS FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH PCCY 7 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia PA 19103 Phone (215) 563 5848 Fax (215) 563 9442 E–mail ppccy@aol.com Philadelphia Citizens for Children and Youth (PCCY) is an independent children’s public policy and advocacy organization. PCCY’s mission is to improve the lives and life chances of Philadelphia’s children. Since its founding in 1980, PCCY has played a leadership role in securing a number of significant local and state gains for Philadelphia’s children in the areas of child care and early childhood education, youth development, child health and nutrition, welfare, child welfare, juvenile justice and public education. PCCY is a member agency of the United Way of Southeastern Pennsylvania and of the National Association of Child Advocates. AUTHORS’ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are grateful to the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation for providing us with an opportunity to research and write this edition of Financing Child Care in the United States and to challenge our thinking about current approaches to financing child care. Stacie Goffin, former Senior Program Officer at the Kauffman Foundation, was instrumental in securing support from the Kauffman Foundation for our work. We are enormously appreciative of her commitment. We thank Lisa Klein and Pattie Mansur of the Foundation for their willingness to support us as we learn and grow in our work. Philadelphia Citizens for Children and Youth (PCCY), the project grantee and the home agency at the time to co-author Harriet Dichter and Research Analyst Sally Jacober, provided ongoing support to our effort. We thank PCCY’s Executive Director, Shelly D. Yanoff, for giving us the freedom and independence we needed for this work. This volume could not have been written without the able assistance of Sally Jacober. Sally took responsibility for updating the profiles from the first edition; cheerfully and patiently worked with us on research and editing for this volume; and served as the chief liaison with the design and production firm. We are also grateful for assistance provided by Nancy Duff Campbell and Emily Martin of the National Women’s Law Center, who provided the technical tax-based information in this volume, Kathleen Noonan, child and family policy consultant and attorney, who assisted us with the development of several profiles, Jamie Preston, who served as copy editor, and Judy Davis, who served as the indexer. We thank all of you for your help. The individuals we interviewed for each of the profiles generously answered questions, provided new leads, shared documents, checked facts and offered wise counsel. (Some of these individuals are acknowledged as contacts for the profiles.) Without these individuals, we could not have completed the profiles. iii
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Page 9 and 10: HOW TO USE THIS CATALOG This catalo
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Page 13 and 14: DIFFERENT EXPECTATIONS The expectat
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Page 17: LEVERAGING Matching and leveraging
Page 20 and 21: TAXES Income taxes are the major so
Page 22 and 23: EMPLOYER INCOME TAXES Twenty-five s
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GENERATING PUBLIC REVENUE FEES OTHE
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GENERATING PUBLIC REVENUE FEES •
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GENERATING PUBLIC REVENUE LOTTERIES
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GENERATING PUBLIC REVENUE LOTTERIES
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SOCIAL AND HUMAN SERVICES A number
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EDUCATION Education is a powerful r
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SOCIAL AND HUMAN SERVICES RHODE ISL
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ALLOCATING PUBLIC REVENUES SOCIAL A
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HEALTH EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION LI
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EDUCATION STATE INVESTMENTS IN PREK
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ALLOCATING PUBLIC REVENUES HIGHER E
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ALLOCATING PUBLIC REVENUES HIGHER E
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ALLOCATING PUBLIC REVENUES CRIME PR
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LOCAL GOVERNMENT BEACONS (NEW YORK,
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ALLOCATING PUBLIC REVENUES LOCAL GO
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EMPLOYERS Employers increasingly re
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EMPLOYERS AT&T FAMILY CARE DEVELOPM
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FINANCING CHILD CARE IN THE PRIVATE
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PHILANTHROPY ALLEGHENY COUNTY EARLY
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When businesses in the private sect
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PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS EMPLOYE
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PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS EMPLOYE
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PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS COMMUNI
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CAPITAL INVESTMENT PARTNERSHIPS CHI
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PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS CAPITAL
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LOOKING TO THE FUTURE TAX POLICY Th
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LOOKING TO THE FUTURE THE HOME MORT
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LOOKING TO THE FUTURE HIGHER EDUCAT
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APPENDIX 174
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WHAT YOU OWN Property taxes on real
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INDEX 178
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Child Care Scholarship Fund of the
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lotteries and gaming, 14 Neighborho
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Area, Kansas and Missouri), 133—1
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income tax provisions for child car
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