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3. Decision guides linked to weather forecasting services to efficiently supply farmers with timely, inseason<br />

information on optimal fertilizer management strategies (links with SIs 1 and 3).<br />

4. Information and decision guides for maximizing systems productivity in different environments and<br />

under variable conditions of risk and value of produce and crop residues (links with SI 3).<br />

5. Tools and methods based on economic and systems modeling to increase incomes, reduce downside<br />

risks, and foster diversification in maize‐based systems (links with SI 1).<br />

6. Better use of underutilized markets and stronger farmer‐market linkages for income growth and<br />

adoption of sustainable conservation agriculture‐based systems (links with SI 1).<br />

7. Innovative systems, via information and communications technology (ICT)‐based tools, to empower<br />

the poor with timely market information and agronomic recommendations, in pilot areas (links with<br />

SIs 1 and 3).<br />

8. Through linkages with CRP5 on Soil and Water, gather field data showing the potential district,<br />

watershed, and regional effects of improved maize‐based systems.<br />

Research and development partners<br />

National research systems of countries in the target regions will be the main research partners,<br />

supported by CIMMYT (maize) and IITA (maize, root crops, soybeans), ICRAF (trees‐CA), ICRISAT<br />

(pigeonpeas, groundnut), ILRI (maize‐fodder, multipurpose legumes), CIAT (beans), farmer groups,<br />

private sector (ICT and other service providers), advanced research institutes (Cornell University,<br />

Stanford University, Oklahoma State University, UMB—Norway, CSIRO—Australia, University of Florida,<br />

APSRU—Australia, University of Washington—USA, CIRAD—France, EMBRAPA—Brazil and others).<br />

National agricultural extension systems, national and international NGOs (including CARE International,<br />

CARITAS, CRS, Concern Universal, Save the Children, World Vision etc.), FAO, the African Conservation<br />

Tillage Network (ACT), ASOSID, Mexico, the private sector (seed companies, machinery manufacturers,<br />

input suppliers, credit agencies, regulatory agencies, seed traders associations, grain traders, etc.) and<br />

farmer organizations will be candidates for participation in local innovation systems, depending on their<br />

geographical presence, and will also be major development partners of the SI.<br />

Outcomes<br />

Development partners, policy makers, researchers, and change agents are able to identify viable<br />

options for rapid and sustainable poverty reduction in maize‐based systems.<br />

Value‐chain actors and service providers benefit from market innovations and take steps to link the<br />

poor into markets to access inputs and equipment and increase incomes.<br />

Poor farmers and women benefit from increased productivity, reduced risks, and improved food<br />

security, while reducing or reversing negative impacts on soils and the environment.<br />

Policymakers' focus on poverty is renewed; researchers/change agents are better equipped to<br />

catalyze and lead multi‐agent innovation systems, as well as to facilitate information/knowledge<br />

flows.<br />

Reduced soil erosion, siltation, and flash‐flooding downstream from agricultural areas.<br />

Reduced greenhouse gas emissions, especially as a result of reduced fuel use in agriculture, and<br />

increased carbon sequestration in agricultural soils, thereby mitigating climate change.<br />

Increased biological control of pests accompanied by a reduction in pesticide use.<br />

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