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141 each specimen, using a light microscope (Olympus BX51, Japan) at 400 x magnification and the mean values were calculated. Adherent yeast cells were counted in a "blind" manner to avoid subjective bias. The results were expressed as cells/mm 2 . Statistical Analysis For each adhesion assay used, one-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey’s test, was performed to evaluate the effect of variations in the centrifugation parameters and number of donors of saliva on Candida albicans adhesion. For the crystal violet technique, data of yeast counts (cells/mm 2 ) were transformed by log. A significance level of 0.05 was used for all statistical tests. Results Candida albicans adhesion determined by XTT reduction assay is shown in Fig. 1. One-way analysis of variance demonstrated that groups G 2 , G 3 and control were not significantly different, while group G 1 showed significantly higher absorbance readings than the control group (p
142 results are conflicting and the role it plays is not yet clear. Among other factors, these divergences could be related to the diverse methodological procedures used in these studies. Recently, the effect of different periods of preconditioning with saliva on Candida albicans adhesion to one denture base acrylic resin was investigated, and no significant effect was found [26]. However, to the best of our knowledge to date there are no studies that have addressed the effect of variations in the methods used for collection and preparation of saliva samples. Thus, the aim of this study was evaluate whether variations in the centrifugation speed and time and number of donors of saliva would influence on the Candida albicans adhesion to a denture base acrylic resin using crystal violet staining and XTT assay. Since the attachment of microorganisms on surfaces is related to surface roughness [3-5, 31], the specimens of this study were made between glass slides and their roughness were measured to ensure that smooth and standardized surfaces were obtained [15, 38]. XTT reduction assay and crystal violet staining assays were selected for this study because they are simple and versatile methods that have been frequently used by investigators to investigate the adhesion of C. albicans to biomaterials [1, 20, 22, 26-27, 30-31, 33-37]. The results obtained by XTT reduction assay demonstrated that the preconditioning with saliva collected from various donors and centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 5 minutes increased significantly the metabolic activity of Candida albicans in comparison to control (Fig. 1). However, in the groups in which saliva
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UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “J
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iii Dados Curriculares Camila Andra
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v exemplos, de quem eu me orgulho m
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vii Agradecimentos Especiais Muito
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ix mais novo”! Se eu pudesse, tor
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xi Aos meus amigos de turma do curs
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xiii À Capes (Coordenação de Ape
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Sumário Resumo....................
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ii alterações significantes nos v
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ii adherence of Candida albicans, e
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21 como: não eliminação do micro
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23 mais hidrofóbica a superfície,
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25 2008), resultando em uma superf
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3 Capítulos 3.1 Capítulo 1 Adhere
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31 Introduction The inability of cu
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33 negatively charged surfaces 22 .
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35 Plasma Treatments After roughnes
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37 measurements were performed in a
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39 was prepared in acetone at 0.4 m
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41 forces, the development of the m
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43 adherence observed in the presen
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45 effect 27,30,42-44 or decreased
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47 3 Yildirim MS, Hasanreisoglu U,
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49 of Thai silk treated by SF 6 pla
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51 33 Taylor R, Maryan C, Verran J.
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53 47 Waters MGJ, Williams DW, Jagg
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55 Table 2 - Means and standard dev
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Figure 2 57
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3.2 Capítulo 2 Evaluation of funga
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61 adhering to denture surfaces [1]
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63 mimicking the tissue-fitting sur
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65 spectroscopy analysis (XPS), car
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67 suspension was added to each wel
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69 Initial adherence of Candida alb
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71 increase probably occurred by me
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73 to the adsorption of salivary pr
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75 3) For all groups evaluated, no
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77 12. Pereira-Cenci T, Cury AADB,
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79 25. Ramage G, Tomsett K, Wickes
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81 38. Nikawa H, Hayashi S, Nikawa
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83 Tables Table 1 - Means and stand
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85 Figures Figure 1
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87 Figure Legends Figure 1 - XPS an
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89 Abstract Candida adhesion to pol
Page 92 and 93: 91 to acrylic surfaces of Candida g
Page 94 and 95: 93 minutes. The denture base acryli
Page 96 and 97: 95 average was calculated. Specimen
Page 98 and 99: 97 Statistical Analysis Differences
Page 100 and 101: 99 the C. glabrata adhesion. The me
Page 102 and 103: 101 One other important observation
Page 104 and 105: 103 6. Minagi S, Miyake Y, Inagaki
Page 106 and 107: 105 19. Nikawa H, Hayashi S, Nikawa
Page 108 and 109: 107 33. Polukoshko KM, Brudvik JS,
Page 110 and 111: 109 Tables Table 1 - Means and stan
Page 112 and 113: 111 5.0 Log (cel/mm2) 4.0 3.0 2.0 *
Page 114 and 115: 3.4 Capítulo 4 Effect of different
Page 116 and 117: 115 Introduction The presence of Ca
Page 118 and 119: 117 Italy) measuring 13.8 X 2 mm we
Page 120 and 121: 119 4 - 6 ºC during the experiment
Page 122 and 123: 121 Candida adhesion to dentures, a
Page 124 and 125: 123 absorbance values obtained afte
Page 126 and 127: 125 1. Silva WJ, Seneviratne J, Par
Page 128 and 129: 127 14. Karaagaclioglu L, Can G, Yi
Page 130 and 131: 129 28. Hahnel S, Rosentritt M, Han
Page 132 and 133: 131 Tables Table 1 Table 1 - Median
Page 134 and 135: 3.5 Capítulo 5 The effect of human
Page 136 and 137: 135 Introduction An important step
Page 138 and 139: 137 albicans adhesion to a denture
Page 140 and 141: 139 For group G 3 , whole human uns
Page 144 and 145: 143 was collected from one donor or
Page 146 and 147: 145 In conclusion, this study focus
Page 148 and 149: 147 11. Edgerton M, Scannapieco FA,
Page 150 and 151: 149 24. Thein ZM, Samaranayake YH,
Page 152 and 153: 151 37. Zamperini CA, Machado AL, V
Page 154 and 155: 153 Figures Figure 1 *
Page 156: 155 Figure Legends Figure 1. Mean a
Page 159 and 160: 158 significantemente menores quand
Page 161 and 162: 160 diminuindo os valores de ângul
Page 163 and 164: 162 Nos estudos apresentados nos ca
Page 165 and 166: 164 pela coloração cristal violet
Page 167 and 168: 166 Diferentemente dos resultados o
Page 170: 5 Conclusão Dentro das limitaçõe
Page 173 and 174: 172 6. Bürgers R, Hahnel S, Reiche
Page 175 and 176: 174 22. Hodak SK, Supasai T, Paosaw
Page 177 and 178: 176 40. Nikawa H, Chen J, Hamada T,
Page 179 and 180: 178 56. Pusateri CR, Monaco EA, Edg
Page 181 and 182: 180 73. Tari BF, Nalbant D, Al DF,
Page 184 and 185: 7 Anexos Anexo 1
Page 186 and 187: Anexo 3
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8 Apêndice Apêndice 1 Os resultad
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194 Tabela 3A - Grupo submetido ao
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Apêndice 2 Os resultados obtidos d
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224 Os resultados obtidos durante a
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