tainy hmod-v3-io, tainy hmod-l3-io - Dr. Neuhaus ...

Small lexicon of routers
IP address Every host or router on the Internet / an intranet has a unique IP address (IP
= Internet Protocol). The IP address is 32 bits (= 4 bytes) long, and is written
as 4 numbers (each in the range from 0 to 255), which are separated from
each other by dots.
IP packet See Datagram
An IP address has 2 parts: the network address and the host address.
All hosts of a network have the same network address, but different host
addresses. Depending on the size of the network in question - a distinction
is made between networks of Class A, B and C - the two address
components may be of different sizes:
1st byte 2nd byte 3rd byte 4th byte
Class A Netw. addr. Host addr.
Class B Netw. addr. Host addr.
Class C Netw. addr. Host addr.
It can be seen from the first byte of the IP address whether the IP address
designates a network of Class A, B or C. The following definitions apply:
Value of the 1st
byte
Bytes for the
network
address
Bytes for the host
address
Class A 1-126 1 3
Class B 128-191 2 2
Class C 192-223 3 1
If you do the arithmetic, you can see that there can be a maximum of 126
Class A networks worldwide, and each of these networks can comprise a
maximum of 256 x 256 x 256 hosts (3 bytes of address space). There can
be 64 x 256 Class B networks, each of which can contain up to 65,536 hosts
(2 bytes of address space: 256 x 256). There can be 32 x 256 x 256 Class C
networks, each of which can contain up to 256 hosts (1 byte of address
space).
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