MnrAq

Annex 6 253
Table 31 – PM FCFs – MGO global sulphur averages
Engine type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
MDO/MGO sulphur % 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14
Main SSD 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14
Main MSD 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14
Aux MSD 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14
Aux HSD 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14
GT 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12
ST 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12
The actual bottom-up emissions factors (assumed at 75% engine load) for all non-sulphur-dependent pollutants
are presented in Table 32 and SO x and PM are presented in Table 33 (see Table 22 for more details). As
noted above, SO x and PM emissions factors vary depending on the sulphur content of the fuels consumed.
MEPC annual reports from the sulphur monitoring programme were used to determine the average sulphur
content for both HFO and MDO/MGO fuels from 2007 to 2012. For regional variations driven by regulation
(ECAs), the fuel sulphur content is assumed to be equivalent to the minimum regulatory requirement (see the
description in Section 1.2 of how shipping activity is attributed to different global regions). All bottom-up
emissions factors are further adjusted by engine load based on the activity data.
Emissions species
Table 32 – Emissions factors for bottom-up emissions
due to the combustion of fuels
Marine HFO
emissions factor
(g/g fuel)
Marine MDO
emissions factor
(g/g fuel)
Marine LNG
emissions factor
(g/g fuel)
CO 2 3.11400 3.20600 2.75000
CH 4 0.00006 0.00006 0.05120
N 2 O 0.00016 0.00015 0.00011
NO x Tier 0 SSD 0.09282 0.08725 0.00783
NO x Tier 1 SSD 0.08718 0.08195 0.00783
NO x Tier 2 SSD 0.07846 0.07375 0.00783
NO x Tier 0 MSD 0.06512 0.06121 0.00783
NO x Tier 1 MSD 0.06047 0.05684 0.00783
NO x Tier 2 MSD 0.05209 0.04896 0.00783
CO 0.00277 0.00277 0.00783
NMVOC 0.00308 0.00308 0.00301
Table 33 – Year-specific bottom-up emissions factors for SO x and PM
% Sulphur content averages – IMO 1
Fuel type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Average Non-ECA HFO S% 2.42 2.37 2.6 2.61 2.65 2.51
SO x EF (g/g fuel)
Marine fuel oil (HFO) 0.04749 0.04644 0.05066 0.05119 0.05171 0.04908
Marine gas oil (MDO) 0.00264 0.00264 0.00264 0.00264 0.00264 0.00264
Natural gas (LNG) 0.00002 0.00002 0.00002 0.00002 0.00002 0.00002
PM EF (g/g fuel)
Marine fuel oil (HFO) 0.00684 0.00677 0.00713 0.00713 0.00721 0.00699
Marine gas oil (MDO) 0.00102 0.00102 0.00102 0.00102 0.00102 0.00102
Natural gas (LNG) 0.00018 0.00018 0.00018 0.00018 0.00018 0.00018
1
Source: MEPC annual reports on sulphur monitoring programme