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Annex 7 291 PM The emissions of particulate matter result from incomplete combustion of fuels and from the formation of sulphate particles, which is a result of sulphur emissions. They are assumed to be constant over time. Region Table 67 – PM emissions factors (g/g fuel) Fuel type Year 2012 2030 2050 Global HFO 0.00728 0.00385 0.00385 LSFO 0.00426 0.00385 0.00385 MGO 0.00097 0.00097 0.00097 LNG 0.00018 0.00018 0.00018 SO 2 The emissions of SO 2 result from the combustion of sulphur that is present in petroleum-derived fuels. Emissions factors will decrease as a result of MARPOL Annex VI regulations. Region Table 68 – SO 2 emissions factors (g/g fuel) Fuel type Year 2012 2030 2050 Global HFO 0.025 0.005 0.005 MGO 0.010 0.001 0.001 LNG 0 0 0 Detailed results This section presents the emissions (million tonnes) per scenario for 2012, 2020 and 2050. Table 69 – Scenarios 1 and 9 (RCP8.5, SSP5, high efficiency) Greenhouse gases 2012 2020 2050 CO 2 low LNG 810 910 1,900 high LNG 810 890 1,800 CH 4 low LNG 0.02 0.26 2.10 high LNG 0.02 1.20 6.50 N 2 O low LNG 0.04 0.04 0.09 high LNG 0.04 0.04 0.09 HFC 37 40 79 PFC 0 0 0 SF 6 0 0 0 Other substances NO x constant ECA 24 26 49 more ECAs 24 24 40 SO 2 constant ECA 5.90 3.90 2.30 more ECAs 5.90 3.40 1.50 PM constant ECA 1.70 1.30 1.80 more ECAs 1.70 1.10 1.20 NMVOC constant ECA 0.80 0.89 1.90 more ECAs 0.80 0.88 1.80 CO constant ECA 0.72 0.83 1.90 more ECAs 0.72 091 2.30
292 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Table 70 – Scenarios 2 and 10 (RCP6.0, SSP1, high efficiency) Greenhouse gases 2012 2020 2050 CO 2 low LNG 810 890 1,400 high LNG 810 870 1,400 CH 4 low LNG 0.02 0.25 1.60 high LNG 0.02 1.20 4.80 N 2 O low LNG 0.04 0.04 0.07 high LNG 0.04 0.04 0.06 HFC 37 39 61 PFC 0 0 0 SF 6 0 0 0 Other substances NO x constant ECA 24 25 37 more ECAs 24 24 30 SO 2 constant ECA 5.90 3.80 1.70 more ECAs 5.90 3.30 1.10 PM constant ECA 1.70 1.30 1.30 more ECAs 1.70 1.10 0.90 NMVOC constant ECA 0.80 0.87 1.40 more ECAs 0.80 0.86 1.30 CO constant ECA 0.72 0.81 1.40 more ECAs 0.72 0.89 1.70 Table 71 – Scenarios 3 and 11 (RCP4.5, SSP3, high efficiency) Greenhouse gases 2012 2020 2050 CO 2 low LNG 810 870 850 high LNG 810 850 810 CH 4 low LNG 0.02 0.25 0.94 high LNG 0.02 1.20 2.90 N 2 O low LNG 0.04 0.04 0.04 high LNG 0.04 0.04 0.04 HFC 37 39 40 PFC 0 0 0 SF 6 0 0 0 Other substances NO x constant ECA 24 25 22 more ECAs 24 23 18 SO 2 constant ECA 5.90 3.70 1.00 more ECAs 5.90 3.20 0.66 PM constant ECA 1.70 1.30 0.80 more ECAs 1.70 1.10 0.54 NMVOC constant ECA 0.80 0.86 0.84 more ECAs 0.80 0.84 0.81 CO constant ECA 0.72 0.80 0.85 more ECAs 0.72 0.88 1.00
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Third IMO Greenhouse Gas Study 2014
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Published in 2015 by the internatio
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Contents Page Preface .............
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vii 3.1.2 Outline .............
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ix Fleet productivity projectio
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xii Third IMO GHG Study 2014 The re
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xiv Third IMO GHG Study 2014 MEPC m
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List of figures Page Figure 1: Bott
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List of figures xix Page Figure 46:
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List of figures xxi Annex Figures P
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List of figures xxiii Figure 45: Ca
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xxvi Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Page
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xxviii Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Tab
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Executive Summary Key findings from
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Executive Summary 3 rigorous testin
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Executive Summary 5 emissions than
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Executive Summary 7 Figure 2 shows
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Executive Summary 9 because, in con
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Executive Summary 11 Particular car
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Executive Summary 13 larger ship si
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Executive Summary 15 Summary of Sec
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Executive Summary 17 a. CO 2 b. CH
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Executive Summary 19 Demand for coa
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Executive Summary 21 Figure 15 show
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Executive Summary 23 • ships obse
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Executive Summary 25 b Noon report
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1 Inventories of CO 2 emissions fro
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Inventories of CO2 emissions from i
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96 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Emissio
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98 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Method
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100 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Table
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102 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Year T
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104 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 2.2.7
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108 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 N 2 O
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122 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 a) CO
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3 Scenarios for shipping emissions
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Scenarios for shipping emissions 20
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154 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 IHSF o
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160 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Pre-pr
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168 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 data s
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174 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 experi
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176 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 The mo
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178 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 sfc =
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180 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 2011 D
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202 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Every
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208 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 time s
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210 Third IMO GHG Study 2014 2011
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Annex 4 Details for Section 1.5.1:
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Annex 4 231 IEA sources of uncertai
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Annex 4 233 Transfers category repo
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Annex 4 235 Figure 24: Time series
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Annex 5 Details for Section 1.5.2:
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Annex 5 239 3 The uncertainty in es
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