Draft Australian Dietary Guidelines (PDF, 3MB) - Eat For Health

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1989 - 1995 Composition of Foods, Australia (COFA)The Composition of Foods, Australia (COFA) series was released in seven volumes, containing thefirst compilation of new Australian-sourced data for Australian foods from the analytical work ofGreenfield and colleagues.1991 Recommended Dietary Intakes for use in AustraliaThe development of the Recommended Dietary Intakes (RDIs) began in 1980 and the report waspublished in 1991 [941]. The RDIs are derived from estimates of requirements for each age/sexcategory and incorporate generous factors to accommodate variations in absorption andmetabolism. They therefore apply to group needs. RDIs exceed the actual nutrient requirementsof practically all healthy persons and are not synonymous with requirements.1992 Food and Nutrition PolicyThe Australian Food and Nutrition Policy, endorsed in 1992 [33], aims to improve the health ofAustralians and reduce the burden of preventable diet-related death, illness and disability. Thepolicy strategies were developed in alignment with dietary guidelines and based on principles ofgood nutrition, ecological sustainability and equity.1992 Dietary Guidelines for AustraliansAn expert panel was set up in 1989 by the Public Health Committee to review the existing dietaryguidelines. In 1992, the Dietary Guidelines for Australians were published by the NHMRC for use byhealthy adults. They represented the best consensus of scientific knowledge and public healthadvice available. A guideline to encourage and support breastfeeding was included, as were specificguidelines on calcium and iron.1995 The Core Food GroupsThe Core Food Groups [942] was the modeling document that underpinned the development of thefood guide- the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (see below). The purpose of The Core Food Groups[942] was to discuss the basis for a core food group system that reflects advances in nutritionknowledge and to complement existing nutrition references at the time (for example, DietaryGuidelines for Australians, 1992). The need for a core food group system arose because existingfood selection guides in Australia at the time differed in the advice offered. The Core Food Groupsdocument was developed to provide an approach that was objective, scientifically rigorous andupdateable as new evidence on nutrition became available. It provided advice on core foodDRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines- December 2011 151
quantities consistent with national nutrition recommendations and targets, creating a platform forthe interpretation of food and nutrition research into recommendations regarding food choices.1998 The Australian Guide to Healthy EatingThe Australian Guide to Healthy Eating [45] is a food guide for Australia that reflects themulticultural nature of the population. Based on the modeling of the Core Food Groups, it isdesigned for all sectors of the food system to use as a nutrition education and information tool.1999 Dietary Guidelines for Older AustraliansThe Dietary Guidelines for Older Australians [35] were based on the Dietary Guidelines for Australians,1992 [569] and were designed to take account of the changes in nutritional needs that occur withageing. The Guidelines are aimed at healthy, independent Australians aged 65 and over, butadditional advice was provided on how the Guidelines apply to older Australians who receiveassistance with meals or live in residential aged care facilities. The Guidelines were also useful forhealth professionals who wished to develop suitable diets for older people in a range of healthcircumstances.1999 Australian Food and Nutrient Database (AUSNUT)The first in the AUSNUT (Australian Food and Nutrient Database) series was first released, anelectronic file of nutrient data based on the technical support file for the 1995 National NutritionSurvey. The AUSNUT series of databases are derived from the NUTTAB series for the purpose ofcoding the food intake data collected in national nutrition surveys [943]. A second edition, usedto code the 2007 Australian Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (insert ref), wasreleased in 2008 (available at http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumerinformation/ausnut2007/)[944]. The third edition, developed to code the 2011 Australian Health Survey data, is planned forrelease in 2013.2000 Nutrition in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples:An Information PaperThis information paper, endorsed by NHMRC, presented information about nutrition andnutrition-related disease in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. This information wasspecifically targeted to practitioners working to improve the nutritional health of Aboriginal andTorres Strait Islander peoples, and provided a reference material for practice and teaching.DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines- December 2011 152
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Australian Dietary GuidelinesAustra
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2.4.4 Practical considerations: Lea
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1. Introduction1.1 Why the Guidelin
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income, education, cultural influen
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The Food Modelling Report - transla
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Potential mechanisms through which
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adolescence predict diet quality an
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Figure 1.2: Australian Guide to Hea
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Executive SummaryDietary patterns w
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Consuming a wide variety of foods m
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varieties within each food group, f
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2.1.4.6 People in lower socioeconom
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vegetable intake and cancer has foc
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Endometrial, Ovarian and pancreatic
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2.2.3.2 CancerColorectal cancer: Ev
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2.2.4.2 CancerAlimentary tract canc
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2.2.5.2 Cancer mechanismsThere is n
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Table 2.1: Recommended number of se
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increasing appetites. Unless prescr
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2.3.2.1 Cardiovascular disease, typ
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Table 2.3: Recommended number of se
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2.4 Lean meat and poultry, fish, eg
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interpret because of widely varying
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2.4.2.3.1 Fish: Cardiovascular dise
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Smoked, salted and chemically prese
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Depending on age and sex, health be
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2.4.4.6 VegetariansFor several nutr
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Evidence StatementConsumption of mo
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2.5.3 How drinking milk and eating
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2.5.4.1 Pregnant and breastfeeding
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the recent review [14]. Many common
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2.6.2.3 Other conditionsDental cari
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Where to nextBoth the quality and q
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Executive summaryThis Guideline emp
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3.1.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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In the longer term, the review cond
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The P:M:S ratio is a useful tool in
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3.2.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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3.2.3 How limiting intake of foods
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3.2.4.4 Older peopleTaste perceptio
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No large studies have measured the
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Excess weight: Many foods containin
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etter health outcomes than those wh
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Evidence StatementConsumption of al
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Dementia: The evidence suggests an
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Drinking coffee, having a cold show
Page 102 and 103: In the absence of any research to q
Page 104 and 105: Executive summaryHealthy weight is
Page 106 and 107: prevalence of obesity alone is high
Page 108 and 109: Compared to having a BMI between 18
Page 110 and 111: Kilojoules4.1.3.2 Energy intake and
Page 112 and 113: 4.1.3.4 Energy intake from specific
Page 114 and 115: 4.1.4.2 Benefits of physical activi
Page 116 and 117: 4.2.1 Primary preventionDiet and ph
Page 118 and 119: and consistent evidence that dietar
Page 120 and 121: 4.2.2 Secondary preventionBehaviour
Page 122 and 123: Table 4.4 A stepped model for the m
Page 124 and 125: Taller or larger and more active ad
Page 126 and 127: Table 4.5 2010 Institute of Medicin
Page 128 and 129: For older, taller or more active ch
Page 130 and 131: Most older people will benefit from
Page 132 and 133: 5. Encourage and support breastfeed
Page 134 and 135: 5.1 Setting the sceneThe World Heal
Page 136 and 137: Evidence StatementExclusive breastf
Page 138 and 139: Table 5.1 Factors associated with d
Page 140 and 141: 5.2.4 Other benefitsSudden Infant D
Page 142 and 143: 5.3.1.3 Mothers in the workplaceEvi
Page 144 and 145: 5.3.1.3 Community supportThe succes
Page 146 and 147: Executive summaryMore than five mil
Page 148 and 149: [929]. Fresh fruit and vegetables c
Page 150 and 151: contamination (see above) avoided.
Page 154 and 155: 2001 Eat Well Australia: An Agenda
Page 156 and 157: 2011 A Review of the Evidence to Ad
Page 158 and 159: • Professor Dorothy Mackerras•
Page 160 and 161: • Level III-2 - A comparative stu
Page 162 and 163: food options to meet additional ene
Page 164 and 165: Appendix 3. Assessing growth andhea
Page 166 and 167: Table A3.1 International BMI cut-of
Page 168 and 169: A3.1.6 Z-scores and percentiles: Co
Page 170 and 171: Appendix 4. Physical activity guide
Page 172 and 173: Suggested activities include:• mo
Page 174 and 175: Appendix 5. Studies examining thehe
Page 176 and 177: that further specific studies are r
Page 178 and 179: Table A6.2 Energy and alcohol conte
Page 180 and 181: The economic, social and cultural f
Page 182 and 183: A diet consistent with the Guidelin
Page 184 and 185: In other more recent studies, highe
Page 186 and 187: A7.4 Aboriginal and Torres Strait I
Page 188 and 189: A7.4.3.2. Aboriginal people living
Page 190 and 191: Mortality rates for people born ove
Page 192 and 193: Appendix 8: GlossaryAdequate Intake
Page 194 and 195: CarbohydratesCarbohydrates are poly
Page 196 and 197: Exclusive breastfeedingMeans an inf
Page 198 and 199: Legume/BeansRefers to all forms of
Page 200 and 201: Older adultsFor the purposes of the
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Reduced fat productsFor a food to b
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celery and asparagus), gourd vegeta
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Evidence StatementGradeFruitConsump
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Table A9.2: Evidence statements (Gr
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References1. Rayner, M. and P. Scar
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27. Wilkinson, R. and M. Marmot, So
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54. Hawkins, S.S., T.J. Cole, and C
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81. Hesketh, K., M. Wake, and E. Wa
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107. McCullough, M.L., et al., Diet
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135. Brimblecombe, J.K. and K. O’
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162. Kreimer, A.R., et al., Diet an
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189. Ward, H.A., et al., Breast, co
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216. Paolini, M., et al., Beta-caro
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244. Kelly, S.A., et al., Wholegrai
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270. Williams, P.G., et al., Cereal
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297. Garcia-Closas, R., et al., Foo
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324. Maclean, C.H., et al., Effects
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349. Vander Wal, J.S., et al., Egg
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376. Elwood, P.C., et al., The surv
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404. Javaid, M.K., et al., Maternal
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430. Lagiou, P., et al., Intake of
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458. Vartanian, L.R., M.B. Schwartz
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486. Lopez-Ridaura, R., et al., Mag
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512. Kratz, M., et al., The impact
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537. Daniels, S.R. and F.R. Greer,
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562. Cook, N.R., et al., Joint effe
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588. Burt, B.A., et al., The effect
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615. Ronksley, P.E., et al., Associ
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642. Purdue, M.P., et al., Type of
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669. Arntzen, K., et al., Moderate
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696. Rokholm, B., J.L. Baker, and T
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724. Bensimhon, D.R., W.E. Kraus, a
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750. Centre for Epidemiology and Re
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776. Monasta, L., et al., Early-lif
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803. Prentice, A.M. and S.A. Jebb,
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830. Callaway, L.K., et al., The pr
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857. Australian Institute of Health
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885. Demmelmair, H., J. von Rosen,
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911. Duong, D.V., C.W. Binns, and A
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940. Cashel K, L.J., NUTTAB89-Nutri
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http://www.health.gov.au/internet/m
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995. Atlantis, E., E.H. Barnes, and
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1021. Australian Bureau of Statisti
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1049. Altman, J., Hunter-gatherers
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