Draft Australian Dietary Guidelines (PDF, 3MB) - Eat For Health

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http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/phd-physical-activity-adultspdf-cnt.htm968. Miller, Y.D. and D.W. Dunstan, The effectiveness of physical activity interventions for thetreatment of overweight and obesity and type 2 diabetes. J Sci Med Sport, 2004. 7(1 Suppl): p.52-9.969. Genkinger, J.M., et al., Fruit, vegetable, and antioxidant intake and all-cause, cancer, andcardiovascular disease mortality in a community-dwelling population in Washington County,Maryland. Am J Epidemiol, 2004. 160(12): p. 1223.970. Liu, Y., et al., Vegetables, fruit consumption and risk of lung cancer among middle-aged Japanesemen and women: JPHC study. Cancer Causes Control, 2004. 15(4): p. 349-357.971. Smith-Warner, S.A., et al., Fruits, vegetables and lung cancer: a pooled analysis of cohort studies.Int J Cancer, 2003. 107(6): p. 1001-11.972. Wright, M.E., et al., Intakes of fruit, vegetables, and specific botanical groups in relation to lungcancer risk in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Am J Epidemiol, 2008. 168(9): p. 1024-34.973. Boyle, P. and B. Levin, World Cancer Report 2008. World Cancer Report 2008, 2008.974. van Duijnhoven, F.J.B., et al., Fruit, vegetables, and colorectal cancer risk: the EuropeanProspective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr, 2009. 89(5): p. 1441.975. Lee, J.E., et al., Intakes of fruit, vegetables, and carotenoids and renal cell cancer risk: a pooledanalysis of 13 prospective studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2009. 18(6): p. 1730-9.976. Dolwick Grieb, S.M., et al., Food groups and renal cell carcinoma: results from a case-controlstudy. J Am Diet Assoc, 2009. 109(4): p. 656-67.977. Weikert, S., et al., Fruits and vegetables and renal cell carcinoma: findings from the Europeanprospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC). Int J Cancer 2006. 118(12): p. 3133-3139.978. Rashidkhani, B., et al., Fruits, vegetables and risk of renal cell carcinoma: a prospective study ofSwedish women. Int J Cancer 2005. 113(3): p. 451-5.979. Stewart, B.W. and P. Kleihues, eds. World Cancer Research Report. 2003, InternationalAgency for Research on Cancer: Lyon.980. Boffetta, P., et al., Fruit and vegetable intake and overall cancer risk in the European ProspectiveInvestigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). J Natl Cancer Inst, 2010. 102(8): p. 529.DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines- December 2011 281
981. Liang, W. and C.W. Binns, Fruit, vegetables, and colorectal cancer risk: the European ProspectiveInvestigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr, 2009. 90(4): p. 1112.982. Miura, K., et al., Relation of vegetable, fruit, and meat intake to 7-year blood pressure change inmiddle-aged men: the Chicago Western Electric Study. Am J Epidemiol, 2004. 159(6): p. 572-80.983. Freedman, N.D., et al., Fruit and vegetable intake and head and neck cancer risk in a largeUnited States prospective cohort study. Int J Cancer, 2008. 122(10): p. 2330-6.984. Ahn, Y.S., et al., Increased platelet calcium in thrombosis and related disorders and its correctionby nifedipine. Thromb Res, 1987. 45(2): p. 135-43.985. Alberola, A., et al., Crystal structures and magnetic properties of a sterically encumbereddithiadiazolyl radical, 2,4,6-(F3C)3C6H2CNSSN. Chem Commun (Camb), 2005(37): p. 4726-8.986. Atkins, G.J., et al., Human osteoblasts are resistant to Apo2L/TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Bone,2002. 31(4): p. 448-56.987. Sunny, L. and L. Sunny, A low fat diet rich in fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk ofdeveloping prostate cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2005. 6(4): p. 490-6.988. Ello-Martin, J.A., et al., Dietary energy density in the treatment of obesity: a year-long trialcomparing 2 weight-loss diets. Am J Clin Nutr, 2007. 85(6): p. 1465-1477.989. Whybrow, S., et al., Effects of added fruits and vegetables on dietary intakes and body weight inScottish adults. Br J Nutr, 2006. 95(3): p. 496-503.990. Vrieling, A., et al., Fruit and vegetable consumption and pancreatic cancer risk in the EuropeanProspective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer, 2009. 124(8): p. 1926-1934.991. Larsson, S.C., L. Bergkvist, and A. Wolk, Fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence ofgastric cancer: a prospective study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2006. 15(10): p. 1998-2001.992. Food And Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World HealthOrganization, International Conference on Nutrition: World Declaration and Plan of Action forNutrition., 1992, Food And Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the WorldHealth Organization: Geneva.993. Lester, I.H., Australia's food and nutrition, 1994, Australian Government Publishing Service:Canberra.994. PHAA, Health inequities policy, 2009, Public Health Association of Australia: Canberra.DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines- December 2011 282
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Australian Dietary GuidelinesAustra
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2.4.4 Practical considerations: Lea
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1. Introduction1.1 Why the Guidelin
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income, education, cultural influen
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The Food Modelling Report - transla
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Potential mechanisms through which
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adolescence predict diet quality an
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Figure 1.2: Australian Guide to Hea
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Executive SummaryDietary patterns w
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Consuming a wide variety of foods m
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varieties within each food group, f
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2.1.4.6 People in lower socioeconom
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vegetable intake and cancer has foc
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Endometrial, Ovarian and pancreatic
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2.2.3.2 CancerColorectal cancer: Ev
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2.2.4.2 CancerAlimentary tract canc
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2.2.5.2 Cancer mechanismsThere is n
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Table 2.1: Recommended number of se
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increasing appetites. Unless prescr
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2.3.2.1 Cardiovascular disease, typ
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Table 2.3: Recommended number of se
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2.4 Lean meat and poultry, fish, eg
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interpret because of widely varying
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2.4.2.3.1 Fish: Cardiovascular dise
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Smoked, salted and chemically prese
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Depending on age and sex, health be
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2.4.4.6 VegetariansFor several nutr
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Evidence StatementConsumption of mo
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2.5.3 How drinking milk and eating
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2.5.4.1 Pregnant and breastfeeding
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the recent review [14]. Many common
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2.6.2.3 Other conditionsDental cari
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Where to nextBoth the quality and q
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Executive summaryThis Guideline emp
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3.1.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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In the longer term, the review cond
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The P:M:S ratio is a useful tool in
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3.2.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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3.2.3 How limiting intake of foods
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3.2.4.4 Older peopleTaste perceptio
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No large studies have measured the
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Excess weight: Many foods containin
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etter health outcomes than those wh
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Evidence StatementConsumption of al
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Dementia: The evidence suggests an
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Drinking coffee, having a cold show
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In the absence of any research to q
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Executive summaryHealthy weight is
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prevalence of obesity alone is high
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Compared to having a BMI between 18
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Kilojoules4.1.3.2 Energy intake and
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4.1.3.4 Energy intake from specific
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4.1.4.2 Benefits of physical activi
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4.2.1 Primary preventionDiet and ph
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and consistent evidence that dietar
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4.2.2 Secondary preventionBehaviour
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Table 4.4 A stepped model for the m
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Taller or larger and more active ad
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Table 4.5 2010 Institute of Medicin
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For older, taller or more active ch
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Most older people will benefit from
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5. Encourage and support breastfeed
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5.1 Setting the sceneThe World Heal
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Evidence StatementExclusive breastf
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Table 5.1 Factors associated with d
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5.2.4 Other benefitsSudden Infant D
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5.3.1.3 Mothers in the workplaceEvi
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5.3.1.3 Community supportThe succes
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Executive summaryMore than five mil
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[929]. Fresh fruit and vegetables c
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contamination (see above) avoided.
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1989 - 1995 Composition of Foods, A
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2001 Eat Well Australia: An Agenda
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2011 A Review of the Evidence to Ad
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• Professor Dorothy Mackerras•
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• Level III-2 - A comparative stu
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food options to meet additional ene
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Appendix 3. Assessing growth andhea
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Table A3.1 International BMI cut-of
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A3.1.6 Z-scores and percentiles: Co
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Appendix 4. Physical activity guide
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Suggested activities include:• mo
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Appendix 5. Studies examining thehe
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that further specific studies are r
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Table A6.2 Energy and alcohol conte
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The economic, social and cultural f
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A diet consistent with the Guidelin
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In other more recent studies, highe
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A7.4 Aboriginal and Torres Strait I
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A7.4.3.2. Aboriginal people living
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Mortality rates for people born ove
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Appendix 8: GlossaryAdequate Intake
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CarbohydratesCarbohydrates are poly
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Exclusive breastfeedingMeans an inf
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Legume/BeansRefers to all forms of
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Older adultsFor the purposes of the
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Reduced fat productsFor a food to b
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celery and asparagus), gourd vegeta
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Evidence StatementGradeFruitConsump
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Table A9.2: Evidence statements (Gr
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References1. Rayner, M. and P. Scar
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27. Wilkinson, R. and M. Marmot, So
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54. Hawkins, S.S., T.J. Cole, and C
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81. Hesketh, K., M. Wake, and E. Wa
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107. McCullough, M.L., et al., Diet
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135. Brimblecombe, J.K. and K. O’
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162. Kreimer, A.R., et al., Diet an
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189. Ward, H.A., et al., Breast, co
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216. Paolini, M., et al., Beta-caro
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244. Kelly, S.A., et al., Wholegrai
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270. Williams, P.G., et al., Cereal
Page 232 and 233: 297. Garcia-Closas, R., et al., Foo
Page 234 and 235: 324. Maclean, C.H., et al., Effects
Page 236 and 237: 349. Vander Wal, J.S., et al., Egg
Page 238 and 239: 376. Elwood, P.C., et al., The surv
Page 240 and 241: 404. Javaid, M.K., et al., Maternal
Page 242 and 243: 430. Lagiou, P., et al., Intake of
Page 244 and 245: 458. Vartanian, L.R., M.B. Schwartz
Page 246 and 247: 486. Lopez-Ridaura, R., et al., Mag
Page 248 and 249: 512. Kratz, M., et al., The impact
Page 250 and 251: 537. Daniels, S.R. and F.R. Greer,
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Page 270 and 271: 803. Prentice, A.M. and S.A. Jebb,
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Page 288 and 289: 1049. Altman, J., Hunter-gatherers
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