Draft Australian Dietary Guidelines (PDF, 3MB) - Eat For Health

the recent review [14]. Many commonly consumed fluids provide water, however they may alsobe acidic e.g. tea and coffee or contain added sugar, alcohol or caffeine. Recent studies whichinvestigated intake of these fluids and health outcomes are reviewed below.The evidence statements and gradings (A- convincing association, B- probable association, C-suggestive association) from the Evidence Report (literature from years 2002 – 2009) arepresented in the table below. This does not include evidence from other sources, such as the 2003Dietary Guidelines (where evidence was classified as level I, II or III in which individual studieswere classified according to their design but overall grades for relationships were not derived),although these sources have been used to inform the Guidelines.Evidence StatementConsumption of sugar sweetened beverages is associated with increased risk ofweight gain in adults and children.Consumption of coffee of 4 or more cups per day is associated with reduced risk oftype 2 diabetes.Consumption of green and black tea is associated with reduced risk of stroke.Consumption of coffee is associated with increased risk of bladder cancer.Consumption of coffee is associated with increased risk of lung cancer.Consumption of coffee is associated with reduced risk of endometrial cancer.Consumption of coffee is associated with reduced risk of hepatocellular cancerConsumption of soft drink is associated with increased risk of dental caries inchildren.Consumption of soft drinks is associated with increased risk of reduced bonestrength.GradeBBCCCCCCC2.6.2.1 Cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and excess weightCardiovascular disease: The evidence suggests that consumption of black tea is not associatedwith risk of cardiovascular disease (Grade C, Section 15.21 in Evidence Report [14]) [427-431].The evidence suggests that consumption of green and black tea is associated with reduced risk ofstroke (Grade C, Section 15.20 in Evidence Report [14]) [429, 432-435].DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines- December 2011 69