458. Vartanian, L.R., M.B. Schwartz, and K.D. Brownell, Effects of soft drink consumption onnutrition and health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Public <strong>Health</strong>, 2007. 97(4): p.667-75.459. Wolff, E. and M.L. Dansinger, Soft drinks and weight gain: how strong is the link? Medscape JMed, 2008. 10(8): p. 189.460. Pelucchi, C. and C. La Vecchia, Alcohol, coffee, and bladder cancer risk: a review ofepidemiological studies. Eur J Cancer Prev, 2009. 18(1): p. 62-8.461. Villanueva, C.M., et al., Total and specific fluid consumption as determinants of bladder cancerrisk. Int J Cancer, 2006. 118(8): p. 2040-2047.462. Zeegers, M.P.A., et al., The association between smoking, beverage consumption, diet andbladder cancer: a systematic literature review. World J Urol, 2004. 21(6): p. 392-401.463. Tang N, W.Y., Ma J, Mang B & Yu R., Coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer: A metaanalysis.Lung Cancer, 2009. (In Press at time of review).464. Tang, N., et al., Coffee consumption and risk of breast cancer: a metaanalysis. Am J ObstetGynecol, 2009. 200(3): p. 290 e1-9.465. Michels, K.B., et al., Coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption and incidence of colon and rectalcancer. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2005. 97(4): p. 282-92.466. Lee, K.J., et al., Coffee consumption and risk of colorectal cancer in a population-basedprospective cohort of Japanese men and women. Int J Cancer, 2007. 121(6): p. 1312-8.467. Tavani, A. and C. La Vecchia, Coffee, decaffeinated coffee, tea and cancer of the colon andrectum: a review of epidemiological studies, 1990-2003. Cancer Causes Control, 2004. 15(8):p. 743-57.468. Steevens, J., et al., Tea and coffee drinking and ovarian cancer risk: results from the NetherlandsCohort Study and a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer, 2007. 97(9): p. 1291-4.469. Song, Y.J., et al., Coffee, tea, colas, and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer EpidemiolBiomarkers Prev, 2008. 17(3): p. 712-6.470. Silvera, S.A., et al., Intake of coffee and tea and risk of ovarian cancer: a prospective cohortstudy. Nutr Cancer, 2007. 58(1): p. 22-7.471. Bravi, F., et al., Coffee drinking and endometrial cancer risk: a metaanalysis of observationalstudies. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2009. 200(2): p. 130-135.DRAFT <strong>Australian</strong> <strong>Dietary</strong> <strong>Guidelines</strong>- December 2011 243
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Australian Dietary GuidelinesAustra
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2.4.4 Practical considerations: Lea
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1. Introduction1.1 Why the Guidelin
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income, education, cultural influen
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The Food Modelling Report - transla
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Potential mechanisms through which
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adolescence predict diet quality an
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Figure 1.2: Australian Guide to Hea
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Executive SummaryDietary patterns w
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Consuming a wide variety of foods m
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varieties within each food group, f
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2.1.4.6 People in lower socioeconom
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vegetable intake and cancer has foc
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Endometrial, Ovarian and pancreatic
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2.2.3.2 CancerColorectal cancer: Ev
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2.2.4.2 CancerAlimentary tract canc
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2.2.5.2 Cancer mechanismsThere is n
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Table 2.1: Recommended number of se
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increasing appetites. Unless prescr
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2.3.2.1 Cardiovascular disease, typ
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Table 2.3: Recommended number of se
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2.4 Lean meat and poultry, fish, eg
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interpret because of widely varying
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2.4.2.3.1 Fish: Cardiovascular dise
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Smoked, salted and chemically prese
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Depending on age and sex, health be
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2.4.4.6 VegetariansFor several nutr
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Evidence StatementConsumption of mo
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2.5.3 How drinking milk and eating
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2.5.4.1 Pregnant and breastfeeding
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the recent review [14]. Many common
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2.6.2.3 Other conditionsDental cari
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Where to nextBoth the quality and q
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Executive summaryThis Guideline emp
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3.1.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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In the longer term, the review cond
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The P:M:S ratio is a useful tool in
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3.2.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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3.2.3 How limiting intake of foods
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3.2.4.4 Older peopleTaste perceptio
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No large studies have measured the
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Excess weight: Many foods containin
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etter health outcomes than those wh
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Evidence StatementConsumption of al
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Dementia: The evidence suggests an
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Drinking coffee, having a cold show
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In the absence of any research to q
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Executive summaryHealthy weight is
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prevalence of obesity alone is high
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Compared to having a BMI between 18
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Kilojoules4.1.3.2 Energy intake and
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4.1.3.4 Energy intake from specific
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4.1.4.2 Benefits of physical activi
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4.2.1 Primary preventionDiet and ph
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and consistent evidence that dietar
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4.2.2 Secondary preventionBehaviour
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Table 4.4 A stepped model for the m
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Taller or larger and more active ad
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Table 4.5 2010 Institute of Medicin
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For older, taller or more active ch
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Most older people will benefit from
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5. Encourage and support breastfeed
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5.1 Setting the sceneThe World Heal
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Evidence StatementExclusive breastf
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Table 5.1 Factors associated with d
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5.2.4 Other benefitsSudden Infant D
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5.3.1.3 Mothers in the workplaceEvi
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5.3.1.3 Community supportThe succes
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Executive summaryMore than five mil
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[929]. Fresh fruit and vegetables c
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contamination (see above) avoided.
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1989 - 1995 Composition of Foods, A
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2001 Eat Well Australia: An Agenda
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2011 A Review of the Evidence to Ad
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• Professor Dorothy Mackerras•
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• Level III-2 - A comparative stu
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food options to meet additional ene
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Appendix 3. Assessing growth andhea
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Table A3.1 International BMI cut-of
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A3.1.6 Z-scores and percentiles: Co
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Appendix 4. Physical activity guide
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Suggested activities include:• mo
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Appendix 5. Studies examining thehe
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that further specific studies are r
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Table A6.2 Energy and alcohol conte
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The economic, social and cultural f
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A diet consistent with the Guidelin
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In other more recent studies, highe
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A7.4 Aboriginal and Torres Strait I
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A7.4.3.2. Aboriginal people living
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Mortality rates for people born ove
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Appendix 8: GlossaryAdequate Intake
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