Draft Australian Dietary Guidelines (PDF, 3MB) - Eat For Health

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2.4.4 Practical considerations: Lean meat and poultry, fish, eggs, legumes/beans and nuts/seeds 572.5 Milk, yoghurt, cheese and/or alternatives (mostly reduced fat) ................................................... 612.5.1 Setting the scene ........................................................................................................ 612.5.2 The evidence for ‘milk, yoghurt, cheese and/or alternatives’ ................................ 622.5.3 How drinking milk and eating yoghurt, cheese and/or alternatives may improve health outcomes.................................................................................................................................................. 652.5.4 Practical considerations: Milk, yoghurt, cheese and/or alternatives .................... 652.6 Water ......................................................................................................................................................... 682.6.1 Setting the scene ........................................................................................................ 682.6.2 The evidence for ‘drink water’ .................................................................................. 682.6.3 How drinking water may improve health outcomes ........................................... 712.6.4 Practical considerations: Drink water ..................................................................... 723. Limit intake of foods and drinks containing saturated and trans fats, added salt, added sugars andalcohol ...................................................................................................................................... 743.1 Limiting intake of foods and drinks containing saturated and trans fat ...................................... 763.1.1 Setting the scene ........................................................................................................ 763.1.2 The evidence for ‘limiting intake of foods and drinks containing saturated and trans fat’ 773.1.3 How limiting intake of foods and drinks containing saturated and trans fat may improve healthoutcomes ................................................................................................................................ 793.1.4 Practical considerations: Limiting intake of foods and drinks containing saturated and trans fat 803.2 Limit intake of foods and drinks containing added salt .................................................................. 823.2.1 Setting the scene ........................................................................................................ 823.2.2 The evidence for ‘limiting intake of foods and drinks containing added salt’ ..... 833.2.3 How limiting intake of foods and drinks containing added salt may improve health outcomes 853.2.4 Practical considerations: Limiting intake of foods and drinks containing added salt853.3 Limit intake of foods and drinks containing added sugars ............................................................. 873.3.1 Setting the scene ........................................................................................................ 873.3.2 The evidence for ‘limiting intake of foods and drinks containing added sugars’ 883.3.3 How limiting intake of foods and drinks containing added sugars may improve health outcomes.................................................................................................................................................. 903.3.4 Practical considerations: Limiting intake of foods and drinks containing added sugars 913.4 Alcoholic drinks ....................................................................................................................................... 923.4.1 Setting the scene ........................................................................................................ 923.4.2 The evidence for ‘limiting alcohol’ ............................................................................ 943.4.3 How limiting alcohol may improve health outcomes ........................................... 973.4.4 Practical considerations: Limiting alcohol ............................................................... 98DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines- December 2011 5
4. Achieve and maintain a healthy weight ................................................................................ 10275.1 Setting the scene ................................................................................................................................... 1094.2 The evidence for ‘achieving and maintaining a healthy weight’ ...................................................... 1134.3 How dietary patterns can affect energy intake and balance and weight outcomes ................. 1194.4 Practical considerations: Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight ........................................... 1205. Encourage and support breastfeeding ................................................................................... 1315.1 Setting the scene ................................................................................................................................... 1335.2 The evidence for ‘Encouraging and supporting breastfeeding’ ........................................................ 1345.3 Practical considerations: Encourage and support breastfeeding..................................................... 1406. Food safety ................................................................................................................................... 1446.1 Setting the scene ................................................................................................................................... 1466.2 The evidence for ‘caring for your food; prepare and store it safely’ ........................................ 1466.3 Why it is important to prepare and store food safely ................................................................. 1476.4 Practical considerations: Food safety ............................................................................................... 148Appendix 1. History and timeline of Australian nutrition documents ............................... 150Appendix 2. Process report ......................................................................................................... 156Appendix 3. Assessing growth and healthy weight in infants, children and adolescents, and healthy weightin adults .................................................................................................................................. 163Appendix 4. Physical activity guidelines ..................................................................................... 169Appendix 5. Studies examining the health effects of intake of fruit and vegetables together 173Appendix 6. Alcohol and energy intake ..................................................................................... 176Appendix 7. Equity and the social determinants of health and nutrition status ............... 178Appendix 8: Glossary ..................................................................................................................... 191References ........................................................................................................................................ 209DRAFT Australian Dietary Guidelines- December 2011 6
Page 4 and 5: Australian Dietary GuidelinesAustra
Page 8 and 9: 1. Introduction1.1 Why the Guidelin
Page 10: income, education, cultural influen
Page 17 and 18: The Food Modelling Report - transla
Page 19 and 20: Potential mechanisms through which
Page 21: adolescence predict diet quality an
Page 24 and 25: Figure 1.2: Australian Guide to Hea
Page 26 and 27: Executive SummaryDietary patterns w
Page 28 and 29: Consuming a wide variety of foods m
Page 30 and 31: varieties within each food group, f
Page 32 and 33: 2.1.4.6 People in lower socioeconom
Page 34 and 35: vegetable intake and cancer has foc
Page 36 and 37: Endometrial, Ovarian and pancreatic
Page 38 and 39: 2.2.3.2 CancerColorectal cancer: Ev
Page 40 and 41: 2.2.4.2 CancerAlimentary tract canc
Page 42 and 43: 2.2.5.2 Cancer mechanismsThere is n
Page 44 and 45: Table 2.1: Recommended number of se
Page 46 and 47: increasing appetites. Unless prescr
Page 48 and 49: 2.3.2.1 Cardiovascular disease, typ
Page 50 and 51: Table 2.3: Recommended number of se
Page 52 and 53: 2.4 Lean meat and poultry, fish, eg
Page 54 and 55: interpret because of widely varying
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2.4.2.3.1 Fish: Cardiovascular dise
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Smoked, salted and chemically prese
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Depending on age and sex, health be
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2.4.4.6 VegetariansFor several nutr
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Evidence StatementConsumption of mo
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2.5.3 How drinking milk and eating
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2.5.4.1 Pregnant and breastfeeding
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the recent review [14]. Many common
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2.6.2.3 Other conditionsDental cari
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Where to nextBoth the quality and q
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Executive summaryThis Guideline emp
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3.1.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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In the longer term, the review cond
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The P:M:S ratio is a useful tool in
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3.2.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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3.2.3 How limiting intake of foods
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3.2.4.4 Older peopleTaste perceptio
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No large studies have measured the
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Excess weight: Many foods containin
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etter health outcomes than those wh
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Evidence StatementConsumption of al
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Dementia: The evidence suggests an
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Drinking coffee, having a cold show
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In the absence of any research to q
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Executive summaryHealthy weight is
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prevalence of obesity alone is high
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Compared to having a BMI between 18
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Kilojoules4.1.3.2 Energy intake and
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4.1.3.4 Energy intake from specific
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4.1.4.2 Benefits of physical activi
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4.2.1 Primary preventionDiet and ph
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and consistent evidence that dietar
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4.2.2 Secondary preventionBehaviour
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Table 4.4 A stepped model for the m
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Taller or larger and more active ad
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Table 4.5 2010 Institute of Medicin
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For older, taller or more active ch
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Most older people will benefit from
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5. Encourage and support breastfeed
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5.1 Setting the sceneThe World Heal
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Evidence StatementExclusive breastf
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Table 5.1 Factors associated with d
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5.2.4 Other benefitsSudden Infant D
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5.3.1.3 Mothers in the workplaceEvi
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5.3.1.3 Community supportThe succes
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Executive summaryMore than five mil
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[929]. Fresh fruit and vegetables c
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contamination (see above) avoided.
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1989 - 1995 Composition of Foods, A
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2001 Eat Well Australia: An Agenda
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2011 A Review of the Evidence to Ad
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• Professor Dorothy Mackerras•
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• Level III-2 - A comparative stu
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food options to meet additional ene
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Appendix 3. Assessing growth andhea
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Table A3.1 International BMI cut-of
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A3.1.6 Z-scores and percentiles: Co
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Appendix 4. Physical activity guide
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Suggested activities include:• mo
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Appendix 5. Studies examining thehe
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that further specific studies are r
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Table A6.2 Energy and alcohol conte
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The economic, social and cultural f
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A diet consistent with the Guidelin
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In other more recent studies, highe
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A7.4 Aboriginal and Torres Strait I
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A7.4.3.2. Aboriginal people living
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Mortality rates for people born ove
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Appendix 8: GlossaryAdequate Intake
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CarbohydratesCarbohydrates are poly
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Exclusive breastfeedingMeans an inf
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Legume/BeansRefers to all forms of
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Older adultsFor the purposes of the
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Reduced fat productsFor a food to b
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celery and asparagus), gourd vegeta
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Evidence StatementGradeFruitConsump
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Table A9.2: Evidence statements (Gr
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References1. Rayner, M. and P. Scar
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27. Wilkinson, R. and M. Marmot, So
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54. Hawkins, S.S., T.J. Cole, and C
Page 216 and 217:
81. Hesketh, K., M. Wake, and E. Wa
Page 218 and 219:
107. McCullough, M.L., et al., Diet
Page 220 and 221:
135. Brimblecombe, J.K. and K. O’
Page 222 and 223:
162. Kreimer, A.R., et al., Diet an
Page 224 and 225:
189. Ward, H.A., et al., Breast, co
Page 226 and 227:
216. Paolini, M., et al., Beta-caro
Page 228 and 229:
244. Kelly, S.A., et al., Wholegrai
Page 230 and 231:
270. Williams, P.G., et al., Cereal
Page 232 and 233:
297. Garcia-Closas, R., et al., Foo
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324. Maclean, C.H., et al., Effects
Page 236 and 237:
349. Vander Wal, J.S., et al., Egg
Page 238 and 239:
376. Elwood, P.C., et al., The surv
Page 240 and 241:
404. Javaid, M.K., et al., Maternal
Page 242 and 243:
430. Lagiou, P., et al., Intake of
Page 244 and 245:
458. Vartanian, L.R., M.B. Schwartz
Page 246 and 247:
486. Lopez-Ridaura, R., et al., Mag
Page 248 and 249:
512. Kratz, M., et al., The impact
Page 250 and 251:
537. Daniels, S.R. and F.R. Greer,
Page 252 and 253:
562. Cook, N.R., et al., Joint effe
Page 254 and 255:
588. Burt, B.A., et al., The effect
Page 256 and 257:
615. Ronksley, P.E., et al., Associ
Page 258 and 259:
642. Purdue, M.P., et al., Type of
Page 260 and 261:
669. Arntzen, K., et al., Moderate
Page 262 and 263:
696. Rokholm, B., J.L. Baker, and T
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724. Bensimhon, D.R., W.E. Kraus, a
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750. Centre for Epidemiology and Re
Page 268 and 269:
776. Monasta, L., et al., Early-lif
Page 270 and 271:
803. Prentice, A.M. and S.A. Jebb,
Page 272 and 273:
830. Callaway, L.K., et al., The pr
Page 274 and 275:
857. Australian Institute of Health
Page 276 and 277:
885. Demmelmair, H., J. von Rosen,
Page 278 and 279:
911. Duong, D.V., C.W. Binns, and A
Page 280 and 281:
940. Cashel K, L.J., NUTTAB89-Nutri
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http://www.health.gov.au/internet/m
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995. Atlantis, E., E.H. Barnes, and
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1021. Australian Bureau of Statisti
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1049. Altman, J., Hunter-gatherers
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