162. Kreimer, A.R., et al., Diet and body mass, and oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas:analysis from the IARC multinational case-control study. Int J Cancer, 2006. 118(9): p. 2293-7.163. Gallicchio, L., et al., Adulthood consumption of preserved and nonpreserved vegetables and therisk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a systematic review. Int J Cancer, 2006. 119(5): p. 1125-35.164. Guneri, P., et al., Primary oral cancer in a Turkish population sample: association withsociodemographic features, smoking, alcohol, diet and dentition. Oral Oncol, 2005. 41(10): p.1005-12.165. Escribano Uzcudun, A., et al., Pharyngeal cancer prevention: evidence from a case--control studyinvolving 232 consecutive patients. J Laryngol Otol, 2002. 116(7): p. 523-31.166. George, S.M., et al., Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cancer: a prospective cohort study. AmJ Clin Nutr, 2009. 89(1): p. 347.167. Freedman, N.D., et al., Fruit and vegetable intake and esophageal cancer in a large prospectivecohort study. Int J Cancer, 2007. 121(12): p. 2753-60.168. Anderson, L.A., et al., Risk factors for Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma:results from the FINBAR study. World J Gastroenterol, 2007. 13(10): p. 1585-94.169. González, C.A., et al., Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of stomach and oesophagusadenocarcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC–EURGAST). Int J Cancer, 2006. 118(10): p. 2559-2566.170. Etminan, M., B. Takkouche, and F. Caamano-Isorna, The role of tomato products and lycopenein the prevention of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Cancer EpidemiolBiomarkers Prev, 2004. 13(3): p. 340-5.171. Stram, D.O., et al., Prostate cancer incidence and intake of fruits, vegetables and relatedmicronutrients: the multiethnic cohort study (United States). Cancer Causes Control, 2006.17(9): p. 1193-207.172. Koushik, A., et al., Fruits and vegetables and ovarian cancer risk in a pooled analysis of 12 cohortstudies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2005. 14(9): p. 2160-7.173. Schulz, M., et al., Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer: theEuropean Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Cancer Epidemiol BiomarkersPrev, 2005. 14(11): p. 2531.174. Bandera, E.V., et al., Fruits and vegetables and endometrial cancer risk: a systematic literaturereview and meta-analysis. Nutr Cancer, 2007. 58(1): p. 6-21.DRAFT <strong>Australian</strong> <strong>Dietary</strong> <strong>Guidelines</strong>- December 2011 221
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Australian Dietary GuidelinesAustra
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2.4.4 Practical considerations: Lea
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1. Introduction1.1 Why the Guidelin
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income, education, cultural influen
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The Food Modelling Report - transla
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Potential mechanisms through which
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adolescence predict diet quality an
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Figure 1.2: Australian Guide to Hea
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Executive SummaryDietary patterns w
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Consuming a wide variety of foods m
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varieties within each food group, f
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2.1.4.6 People in lower socioeconom
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vegetable intake and cancer has foc
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Endometrial, Ovarian and pancreatic
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2.2.3.2 CancerColorectal cancer: Ev
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2.2.4.2 CancerAlimentary tract canc
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2.2.5.2 Cancer mechanismsThere is n
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Table 2.1: Recommended number of se
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increasing appetites. Unless prescr
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2.3.2.1 Cardiovascular disease, typ
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Table 2.3: Recommended number of se
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2.4 Lean meat and poultry, fish, eg
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interpret because of widely varying
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2.4.2.3.1 Fish: Cardiovascular dise
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Smoked, salted and chemically prese
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Depending on age and sex, health be
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2.4.4.6 VegetariansFor several nutr
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Evidence StatementConsumption of mo
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2.5.3 How drinking milk and eating
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2.5.4.1 Pregnant and breastfeeding
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the recent review [14]. Many common
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2.6.2.3 Other conditionsDental cari
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Where to nextBoth the quality and q
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Executive summaryThis Guideline emp
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3.1.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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In the longer term, the review cond
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The P:M:S ratio is a useful tool in
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3.2.2 The evidence for ‘limiting
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3.2.3 How limiting intake of foods
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3.2.4.4 Older peopleTaste perceptio
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No large studies have measured the
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Excess weight: Many foods containin
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etter health outcomes than those wh
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Evidence StatementConsumption of al
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Dementia: The evidence suggests an
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Drinking coffee, having a cold show
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In the absence of any research to q
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Executive summaryHealthy weight is
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prevalence of obesity alone is high
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Compared to having a BMI between 18
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Kilojoules4.1.3.2 Energy intake and
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4.1.3.4 Energy intake from specific
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4.1.4.2 Benefits of physical activi
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4.2.1 Primary preventionDiet and ph
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and consistent evidence that dietar
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4.2.2 Secondary preventionBehaviour
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Table 4.4 A stepped model for the m
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Taller or larger and more active ad
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Table 4.5 2010 Institute of Medicin
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For older, taller or more active ch
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Most older people will benefit from
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5. Encourage and support breastfeed
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5.1 Setting the sceneThe World Heal
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Evidence StatementExclusive breastf
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Table 5.1 Factors associated with d
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5.2.4 Other benefitsSudden Infant D
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5.3.1.3 Mothers in the workplaceEvi
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5.3.1.3 Community supportThe succes
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Executive summaryMore than five mil
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[929]. Fresh fruit and vegetables c
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contamination (see above) avoided.
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1989 - 1995 Composition of Foods, A
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2001 Eat Well Australia: An Agenda
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2011 A Review of the Evidence to Ad
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• Professor Dorothy Mackerras•
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• Level III-2 - A comparative stu
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food options to meet additional ene
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Appendix 3. Assessing growth andhea
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Table A3.1 International BMI cut-of
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A3.1.6 Z-scores and percentiles: Co
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Appendix 4. Physical activity guide
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830. Callaway, L.K., et al., The pr
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1049. Altman, J., Hunter-gatherers