Stories of Philanthropic Leadership in Advancing Regional and ...

Greyfield. An obsolete or abandoned retail orcommercial site, usually a shopping mall.Hope VI. Also known as the Urban RevitalizationDemonstration, a grant program created in 1992 byCongress and the Department of Housing andUrban Development (HUD) to revitalize the nation’smost severely distressed public housing. Provides aflexible source of support (either revitalization grantsor demolition grants) for investment in publichousing developments and their residents.Inclusionary zoning. A land use concept in whichlocal ordinances require builders to include a certainamount of housing for low- and moderate-incomehouseholds. In contrast, exclusionary zoning is atechnique that effectively drives up the cost ofhousing, excluding lower-income households fromthe community.Indicators. A series of measured communityattributes—such as school dropout rates, air quality,acres of urbanized land, and health insurancecoverage—that are used to identify and monitorprogress on various aspects of the health of acommunity.Individual Development Account (IDA). A tooldesigned to enable low-income and low-wealthAmerican families to save, build assets, and enter thefinancial mainstream. IDAs encourage savings effortsamong the poor by offering them 1:1, 2:1, or moregenerous matches for their own deposits. Thesematched savings accounts are similar to 401(k) plansand other matched savings accounts but can serve abroad range of purposes. IDA programs areimplemented by community-based organizations inpartnership with a financial institution that holds thedeposits and funded by public and private sources.Infill. The use of vacant land and property within abuilt-up area for new construction or redevelopment.Inner-ring suburb. Those communities in betweenthe inner city and outer-ring suburbs. An emergingliterature defines inner-ring suburbs in terms of theirspecific time of development, such as post WorldWar II communities constructed between 1945 and1965 and middle-aged neighborhoods that werebuilt from 1945 to 1970. Key to these definitions isthe idea of inner-ring suburbs as post-WWIIdevelopedareas where the automobile was theprimary means of transportation.Livability. Quality of an area as perceived byresidents, employers, and visitors, including safetyand health, environmental conditions, quality ofsocial interactions, opportunities for recreation andentertainment, aesthetics, and existence of culturaland environmental resources.Location efficient mortgage (LEM). A mortgagethat helps people become homeowners in locationefficient communities (convenient neighborhoods inwhich residents can walk from their homes to stores,schools, recreation, and public transportation).Because people who live in location efficientcommunities have less need to drive, which allowsthem to save money and improve the environmentfor everyone, LEMs combine a low down payment,competitive interest rates, and flexible criteria forfinancial qualification.Metropolitan equity. Similar to regional equity,metropolitan equity uses a greater than local lens forguiding strategy and policy.Median income. Median income divides the incomedistribution into two equal groups, one havingincomes above the median and the other havingincomes below the median.Mixed-use. Multiple land uses, such as residential,retail, and office, combined in a structure, on a singleparcel of land, or built adjacent to one another onmultiple parcels.New Urbanism. International movement to restoreexisting urban centers and towns, reconfiguresprawling suburbs into communities of realneighborhoods and diverse districts, conserve naturalenvironments, preserve historic structures, and createcompact new towns and villages.Open space. Undeveloped land or land that is usedfor recreation, including farmland and naturalhabitats (e.g., forests, fields, wetlands).Receivership. A form of bankruptcy in which acompany can avoid liquidation by reorganizing withthe help of a court-appointed trustee. In a localgovernment context, a form of bankruptcy where thestate assumes responsibility for a city’s financialmanagement.Redlining. The illegal practice of a lendinginstitution denying loans or restricting their numberfor certain areas of a community.123 Funders’ Network for Smart Growth and Livable Communities