Greyfield. An obsolete or ab<strong>and</strong>oned retail orcommercial site, usually a shopp<strong>in</strong>g mall.Hope VI. Also known as the Urban RevitalizationDemonstration, a grant program created <strong>in</strong> 1992 byCongress <strong>and</strong> the Department <strong>of</strong> Hous<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong>Urban Development (HUD) to revitalize the nation’smost severely distressed public hous<strong>in</strong>g. Provides aflexible source <strong>of</strong> support (either revitalization grantsor demolition grants) for <strong>in</strong>vestment <strong>in</strong> publichous<strong>in</strong>g developments <strong>and</strong> their residents.Inclusionary zon<strong>in</strong>g. A l<strong>and</strong> use concept <strong>in</strong> whichlocal ord<strong>in</strong>ances require builders to <strong>in</strong>clude a certa<strong>in</strong>amount <strong>of</strong> hous<strong>in</strong>g for low- <strong>and</strong> moderate-<strong>in</strong>comehouseholds. In contrast, exclusionary zon<strong>in</strong>g is atechnique that effectively drives up the cost <strong>of</strong>hous<strong>in</strong>g, exclud<strong>in</strong>g lower-<strong>in</strong>come households fromthe community.Indicators. A series <strong>of</strong> measured communityattributes—such as school dropout rates, air quality,acres <strong>of</strong> urbanized l<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> health <strong>in</strong>surancecoverage—that are used to identify <strong>and</strong> monitorprogress on various aspects <strong>of</strong> the health <strong>of</strong> acommunity.Individual Development Account (IDA). A tooldesigned to enable low-<strong>in</strong>come <strong>and</strong> low-wealthAmerican families to save, build assets, <strong>and</strong> enter thef<strong>in</strong>ancial ma<strong>in</strong>stream. IDAs encourage sav<strong>in</strong>gs effortsamong the poor by <strong>of</strong>fer<strong>in</strong>g them 1:1, 2:1, or moregenerous matches for their own deposits. Thesematched sav<strong>in</strong>gs accounts are similar to 401(k) plans<strong>and</strong> other matched sav<strong>in</strong>gs accounts but can serve abroad range <strong>of</strong> purposes. IDA programs areimplemented by community-based organizations <strong>in</strong>partnership with a f<strong>in</strong>ancial <strong>in</strong>stitution that holds thedeposits <strong>and</strong> funded by public <strong>and</strong> private sources.Infill. The use <strong>of</strong> vacant l<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> property with<strong>in</strong> abuilt-up area for new construction or redevelopment.Inner-r<strong>in</strong>g suburb. Those communities <strong>in</strong> betweenthe <strong>in</strong>ner city <strong>and</strong> outer-r<strong>in</strong>g suburbs. An emerg<strong>in</strong>gliterature def<strong>in</strong>es <strong>in</strong>ner-r<strong>in</strong>g suburbs <strong>in</strong> terms <strong>of</strong> theirspecific time <strong>of</strong> development, such as post WorldWar II communities constructed between 1945 <strong>and</strong>1965 <strong>and</strong> middle-aged neighborhoods that werebuilt from 1945 to 1970. Key to these def<strong>in</strong>itions isthe idea <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>ner-r<strong>in</strong>g suburbs as post-WWIIdevelopedareas where the automobile was theprimary means <strong>of</strong> transportation.Livability. Quality <strong>of</strong> an area as perceived byresidents, employers, <strong>and</strong> visitors, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g safety<strong>and</strong> health, environmental conditions, quality <strong>of</strong>social <strong>in</strong>teractions, opportunities for recreation <strong>and</strong>enterta<strong>in</strong>ment, aesthetics, <strong>and</strong> existence <strong>of</strong> cultural<strong>and</strong> environmental resources.Location efficient mortgage (LEM). A mortgagethat helps people become homeowners <strong>in</strong> locationefficient communities (convenient neighborhoods <strong>in</strong>which residents can walk from their homes to stores,schools, recreation, <strong>and</strong> public transportation).Because people who live <strong>in</strong> location efficientcommunities have less need to drive, which allowsthem to save money <strong>and</strong> improve the environmentfor everyone, LEMs comb<strong>in</strong>e a low down payment,competitive <strong>in</strong>terest rates, <strong>and</strong> flexible criteria forf<strong>in</strong>ancial qualification.Metropolitan equity. Similar to regional equity,metropolitan equity uses a greater than local lens forguid<strong>in</strong>g strategy <strong>and</strong> policy.Median <strong>in</strong>come. Median <strong>in</strong>come divides the <strong>in</strong>comedistribution <strong>in</strong>to two equal groups, one hav<strong>in</strong>g<strong>in</strong>comes above the median <strong>and</strong> the other hav<strong>in</strong>g<strong>in</strong>comes below the median.Mixed-use. Multiple l<strong>and</strong> uses, such as residential,retail, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice, comb<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> a structure, on a s<strong>in</strong>gleparcel <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>, or built adjacent to one another onmultiple parcels.New Urbanism. International movement to restoreexist<strong>in</strong>g urban centers <strong>and</strong> towns, reconfiguresprawl<strong>in</strong>g suburbs <strong>in</strong>to communities <strong>of</strong> realneighborhoods <strong>and</strong> diverse districts, conserve naturalenvironments, preserve historic structures, <strong>and</strong> createcompact new towns <strong>and</strong> villages.Open space. Undeveloped l<strong>and</strong> or l<strong>and</strong> that is usedfor recreation, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g farml<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> naturalhabitats (e.g., forests, fields, wetl<strong>and</strong>s).Receivership. A form <strong>of</strong> bankruptcy <strong>in</strong> which acompany can avoid liquidation by reorganiz<strong>in</strong>g withthe help <strong>of</strong> a court-appo<strong>in</strong>ted trustee. In a localgovernment context, a form <strong>of</strong> bankruptcy where thestate assumes responsibility for a city’s f<strong>in</strong>ancialmanagement.Redl<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g. The illegal practice <strong>of</strong> a lend<strong>in</strong>g<strong>in</strong>stitution deny<strong>in</strong>g loans or restrict<strong>in</strong>g their numberfor certa<strong>in</strong> areas <strong>of</strong> a community.123 Funders’ Network for Smart Growth <strong>and</strong> Livable Communities
<strong>Regional</strong> <strong>and</strong> neighborhood equity. A learn<strong>in</strong>g<strong>and</strong> action framework designed to: reduce social<strong>and</strong> economic disparities among <strong>in</strong>dividuals, socialgroups, neighborhoods, <strong>and</strong> local jurisdictionswith<strong>in</strong> a metropolitan area; connect neighborhoodsto regional <strong>and</strong> state public policy decisionmak<strong>in</strong>g;<strong>and</strong> harness private markets opportunities forcommunity benefits.Remediation. In environmental protection work, theact or process <strong>of</strong> correct<strong>in</strong>g a fault or deficiency.Retail leakage. The amount <strong>of</strong> money residents <strong>and</strong>workers spend outside a neighborhood because <strong>of</strong> alack <strong>of</strong> stores <strong>in</strong>side it.Section 8. A federal rent subsidy program thatprovides monthly assistance to low-<strong>in</strong>come<strong>in</strong>dividuals resid<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> privately owned units. Rentsmust be with<strong>in</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Hous<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> UrbanDevelopment (HUD) limits <strong>and</strong> the units must meetHUD Hous<strong>in</strong>g Quality St<strong>and</strong>ards. Section 8 can beused <strong>in</strong> cooperatives to help lower-<strong>in</strong>comehouseholds pay their monthly carry<strong>in</strong>g charges.Smart growth. A series <strong>of</strong> policies <strong>and</strong> practices toensure that decisions about growth result <strong>in</strong> wellplanneddevelopment that protects open space <strong>and</strong>farml<strong>and</strong>, revitalizes communities, keeps hous<strong>in</strong>gaffordable, <strong>and</strong> provides transportation choices.Sprawl. The unplanned spread <strong>of</strong> urb<strong>and</strong>evelopment <strong>in</strong>to areas beyond the edges <strong>of</strong> a city.Sprawl def<strong>in</strong>es patterns <strong>of</strong> urban growth that <strong>in</strong>cludelarge acreage <strong>of</strong> low-density residential development,rigid separation between residential <strong>and</strong> commercialuses, development <strong>in</strong> rural areas away from urbancenters, strip commercial development alonghighways, <strong>and</strong> m<strong>in</strong>imal support for non-motorizedor alternative transportation.Susta<strong>in</strong>able development. Development with thegoal <strong>of</strong> preserv<strong>in</strong>g environmental quality, naturalresources, <strong>and</strong> livability for present <strong>and</strong> futuregenerations. Susta<strong>in</strong>able <strong>in</strong>itiatives work to ensureefficient use <strong>of</strong> resources.Transit-Oriented Development (TOD). Refers toresidential <strong>and</strong> commercial areas designed tomaximize access by transit <strong>and</strong> non-motorizedtransportation <strong>and</strong> with other features to encouragetransit ridership. A TOD neighborhood has a centerwith a rail or bus station, surrounded by relativelyhigh-density development, with progressively lowerdensitydevelopment spread<strong>in</strong>g outwards.Uniform Relocation Act. The Uniform RelocationAssistance <strong>and</strong> Real Property Acquisition Policies Act<strong>of</strong> 1970 (Uniform Act) provides importantprotections <strong>and</strong> assistance for people affected by theacquisition, rehabilitation, or demolition <strong>of</strong> realproperty for federal or federally-funded projects. Thislaw was enacted by Congress to ensure that peoplewhose real property is acquired, or who move as adirect result <strong>of</strong> projects receiv<strong>in</strong>g federal funds, aretreated fairly <strong>and</strong> equitably <strong>and</strong> receive assistance <strong>in</strong>mov<strong>in</strong>g from the property they occupy.Urban village. A place where people live, work,<strong>and</strong> play <strong>in</strong> harmony with each other <strong>and</strong> theenvironment. Often a neighborhood with<strong>in</strong> alarger city.Value latch<strong>in</strong>g. The concept <strong>of</strong> value latch<strong>in</strong>g is thatas downtown values rise—both rents <strong>and</strong> salesprices—a system <strong>of</strong> dedicated cash flow sources foraffordable hous<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> affordable commercial rentscould be negotiated. This process wouldsystematically latch onto ris<strong>in</strong>g property values <strong>and</strong>rents <strong>in</strong> order to provide a permanent source <strong>of</strong>fund<strong>in</strong>g for affordable hous<strong>in</strong>g/commercial rents.Weak market cities. A term characteriz<strong>in</strong>g urbancenters that saw decl<strong>in</strong>es <strong>in</strong> home values from 1990 to2000 <strong>and</strong> are considered places where tax bases <strong>and</strong>public services have eroded. There are more than 100“weak market cities” nationally, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g 55 percent<strong>of</strong> those with populations <strong>of</strong> 100,000 or more.Part V: Glossary <strong>of</strong> Terms124
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Stories of Philanthropic Leadership
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Signs of Promise:Stories of Philant
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Funders’ Network for Smart Growth
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(II. B.)(II. C.)Turning Neighborhoo
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PART I:IntroductionThe Purpose of t
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social justice issues as they relat
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PART II:Perspectives on Advancing R
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peer work, we can reestablish a sig
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Annie E. Casey FoundationBaltimore,
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neighborhoods into healthy ones—g
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Charles and Helen Schwab Foundation
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Section 1:Promoting Equitable Publi
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I. A. BUILDING POWER AND GIVINGVOIC
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policy advocates. In 2002, Milwauke
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in Los Angeles, Ford’s Anthony no
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Yet the interpersonal dynamics of c
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Richmond, Calif.The second regional
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organizing project, the Connecticut
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I. G. REVITALIZING WHILEASSURING DI
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In the late 1990s, the city of Albu
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I. H. A TRAVEZ DE LA FRONTERA:LAND
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The International Community Foundat
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efforts. And with each public plann
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pattern of disproportionate transpo
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Clinica de la Raza identify this cr
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Contact PeopleCarl AnthonyActing Di
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A local resident receives the keys
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East Baltimore community and the Jo
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