Stories of Philanthropic Leadership in Advancing Regional and ...

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Greyfield. An obsolete or abandoned retail orcommercial site, usually a shopping mall.Hope VI. Also known as the Urban RevitalizationDemonstration, a grant program created in 1992 byCongress and the Department of Housing andUrban Development (HUD) to revitalize the nation’smost severely distressed public housing. Provides aflexible source of support (either revitalization grantsor demolition grants) for investment in publichousing developments and their residents.Inclusionary zoning. A land use concept in whichlocal ordinances require builders to include a certainamount of housing for low- and moderate-incomehouseholds. In contrast, exclusionary zoning is atechnique that effectively drives up the cost ofhousing, excluding lower-income households fromthe community.Indicators. A series of measured communityattributes—such as school dropout rates, air quality,acres of urbanized land, and health insurancecoverage—that are used to identify and monitorprogress on various aspects of the health of acommunity.Individual Development Account (IDA). A tooldesigned to enable low-income and low-wealthAmerican families to save, build assets, and enter thefinancial mainstream. IDAs encourage savings effortsamong the poor by offering them 1:1, 2:1, or moregenerous matches for their own deposits. Thesematched savings accounts are similar to 401(k) plansand other matched savings accounts but can serve abroad range of purposes. IDA programs areimplemented by community-based organizations inpartnership with a financial institution that holds thedeposits and funded by public and private sources.Infill. The use of vacant land and property within abuilt-up area for new construction or redevelopment.Inner-ring suburb. Those communities in betweenthe inner city and outer-ring suburbs. An emergingliterature defines inner-ring suburbs in terms of theirspecific time of development, such as post WorldWar II communities constructed between 1945 and1965 and middle-aged neighborhoods that werebuilt from 1945 to 1970. Key to these definitions isthe idea of inner-ring suburbs as post-WWIIdevelopedareas where the automobile was theprimary means of transportation.Livability. Quality of an area as perceived byresidents, employers, and visitors, including safetyand health, environmental conditions, quality ofsocial interactions, opportunities for recreation andentertainment, aesthetics, and existence of culturaland environmental resources.Location efficient mortgage (LEM). A mortgagethat helps people become homeowners in locationefficient communities (convenient neighborhoods inwhich residents can walk from their homes to stores,schools, recreation, and public transportation).Because people who live in location efficientcommunities have less need to drive, which allowsthem to save money and improve the environmentfor everyone, LEMs combine a low down payment,competitive interest rates, and flexible criteria forfinancial qualification.Metropolitan equity. Similar to regional equity,metropolitan equity uses a greater than local lens forguiding strategy and policy.Median income. Median income divides the incomedistribution into two equal groups, one havingincomes above the median and the other havingincomes below the median.Mixed-use. Multiple land uses, such as residential,retail, and office, combined in a structure, on a singleparcel of land, or built adjacent to one another onmultiple parcels.New Urbanism. International movement to restoreexisting urban centers and towns, reconfiguresprawling suburbs into communities of realneighborhoods and diverse districts, conserve naturalenvironments, preserve historic structures, and createcompact new towns and villages.Open space. Undeveloped land or land that is usedfor recreation, including farmland and naturalhabitats (e.g., forests, fields, wetlands).Receivership. A form of bankruptcy in which acompany can avoid liquidation by reorganizing withthe help of a court-appointed trustee. In a localgovernment context, a form of bankruptcy where thestate assumes responsibility for a city’s financialmanagement.Redlining. The illegal practice of a lendinginstitution denying loans or restricting their numberfor certain areas of a community.123 Funders’ Network for Smart Growth and Livable Communities
Regional and neighborhood equity. A learningand action framework designed to: reduce socialand economic disparities among individuals, socialgroups, neighborhoods, and local jurisdictionswithin a metropolitan area; connect neighborhoodsto regional and state public policy decisionmaking;and harness private markets opportunities forcommunity benefits.Remediation. In environmental protection work, theact or process of correcting a fault or deficiency.Retail leakage. The amount of money residents andworkers spend outside a neighborhood because of alack of stores inside it.Section 8. A federal rent subsidy program thatprovides monthly assistance to low-incomeindividuals residing in privately owned units. Rentsmust be within Department of Housing and UrbanDevelopment (HUD) limits and the units must meetHUD Housing Quality Standards. Section 8 can beused in cooperatives to help lower-incomehouseholds pay their monthly carrying charges.Smart growth. A series of policies and practices toensure that decisions about growth result in wellplanneddevelopment that protects open space andfarmland, revitalizes communities, keeps housingaffordable, and provides transportation choices.Sprawl. The unplanned spread of urbandevelopment into areas beyond the edges of a city.Sprawl defines patterns of urban growth that includelarge acreage of low-density residential development,rigid separation between residential and commercialuses, development in rural areas away from urbancenters, strip commercial development alonghighways, and minimal support for non-motorizedor alternative transportation.Sustainable development. Development with thegoal of preserving environmental quality, naturalresources, and livability for present and futuregenerations. Sustainable initiatives work to ensureefficient use of resources.Transit-Oriented Development (TOD). Refers toresidential and commercial areas designed tomaximize access by transit and non-motorizedtransportation and with other features to encouragetransit ridership. A TOD neighborhood has a centerwith a rail or bus station, surrounded by relativelyhigh-density development, with progressively lowerdensitydevelopment spreading outwards.Uniform Relocation Act. The Uniform RelocationAssistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Actof 1970 (Uniform Act) provides importantprotections and assistance for people affected by theacquisition, rehabilitation, or demolition of realproperty for federal or federally-funded projects. Thislaw was enacted by Congress to ensure that peoplewhose real property is acquired, or who move as adirect result of projects receiving federal funds, aretreated fairly and equitably and receive assistance inmoving from the property they occupy.Urban village. A place where people live, work,and play in harmony with each other and theenvironment. Often a neighborhood within alarger city.Value latching. The concept of value latching is thatas downtown values rise—both rents and salesprices—a system of dedicated cash flow sources foraffordable housing and affordable commercial rentscould be negotiated. This process wouldsystematically latch onto rising property values andrents in order to provide a permanent source offunding for affordable housing/commercial rents.Weak market cities. A term characterizing urbancenters that saw declines in home values from 1990 to2000 and are considered places where tax bases andpublic services have eroded. There are more than 100“weak market cities” nationally, including 55 percentof those with populations of 100,000 or more.Part V: Glossary of Terms124
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Stories of Philanthropic Leadership
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Signs of Promise:Stories of Philant
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Funders’ Network for Smart Growth
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(II. B.)(II. C.)Turning Neighborhoo
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PART I:IntroductionThe Purpose of t
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social justice issues as they relat
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PART II:Perspectives on Advancing R
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peer work, we can reestablish a sig
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Annie E. Casey FoundationBaltimore,
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neighborhoods into healthy ones—g
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Charles and Helen Schwab Foundation
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Section 1:Promoting Equitable Publi
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I. A. BUILDING POWER AND GIVINGVOIC
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policy advocates. In 2002, Milwauke
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in Los Angeles, Ford’s Anthony no
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I. B. PROMOTING COALITIONSTO ADVANC
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Yet the interpersonal dynamics of c
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guidelines. “Many of the member o
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Funder InterestThe EPA supported th
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I. D. DEMONSTRATING THESTRUGGLE FOR
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Richmond, Calif.The second regional
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through policy reform at the local
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I. E. BUILDING COALITIONTHROUGH KNO
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organizing project, the Connecticut
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and businesses are quantified in a
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I. G. REVITALIZING WHILEASSURING DI
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In the late 1990s, the city of Albu
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I. H. A TRAVEZ DE LA FRONTERA:LAND
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The International Community Foundat
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I. I. MOBILIZING ACTION FORREGIONAL
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To meet all of these objectives, th
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efforts. And with each public plann
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pattern of disproportionate transpo
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Clinica de la Raza identify this cr
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Contact PeopleCarl AnthonyActing Di
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Section 2:Making All Neighborhoods
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II. A. REACHING BEYONDHOUSING TO IM
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A local resident receives the keys
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East Baltimore community and the Jo
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Page 115 and 116: 12 western Louisville neighborhoods
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Page 119 and 120: increased their personal wealth by
Page 121 and 122: summary evaluation of MSDI found th
Page 123 and 124: method alone was strong enough to m
Page 125 and 126: consistent body of work. The Counci
Page 127 and 128: 3) Issues Need to be ConnectedThe f
Page 129: PART V:Glossary of TermsThe terms d
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