EQUITABLE PUBLIC INVESTMENTI. J. FUSING ISSUES, MAKINGCHANGE: REGIONALADVOCACY IN THE SANFRANCISCO BAY AREAFunders Highlighted:The California EndowmentFord FoundationThe San Francisco FoundationSurdna Foundation“It isn’t hopeless. Funders can make a difference.”— Hooper Brooks, Surdna FoundationThe San Francisco Bay Area is an important nationalfocus po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>in</strong> the quest for more equitable regionaldevelopment. As highlighted <strong>in</strong> this pr<strong>of</strong>ile,community, statewide, <strong>and</strong> national funders havebecome <strong>in</strong>volved <strong>in</strong> support<strong>in</strong>g advocacy effortsaimed at mak<strong>in</strong>g the region more equitable <strong>and</strong>livable for all residents. This pr<strong>of</strong>ile highlights that asa result <strong>of</strong> the collective efforts, the circle <strong>of</strong> supportfor achiev<strong>in</strong>g equity has broadened <strong>and</strong> a crosssection<strong>of</strong> sectors, organizations, <strong>and</strong> communitymembers are <strong>in</strong>volved <strong>in</strong> the regional decisionmak<strong>in</strong>gprocess <strong>and</strong> the search for solutions.Project Pr<strong>of</strong>ilesThe Bay Area Social Equity Caucus (SEC) emerged<strong>in</strong> 1997 out <strong>of</strong> the Bay Area Alliance for Susta<strong>in</strong>ableCommunities, a group convened by the Bay AreaCouncil, the Association <strong>of</strong> Bay Area Governments,the Sierra Club, <strong>and</strong> Urban Habitat. 25 Concernedabout a historical pattern <strong>of</strong> exclusion, the SEC seeksto create access <strong>and</strong> opportunities for low-<strong>in</strong>comem<strong>in</strong>ority communities <strong>and</strong> to ensure their voices areheard <strong>in</strong> shap<strong>in</strong>g the regional equity agenda. TheSEC works to build strategic partnerships byconnect<strong>in</strong>g member organizations’ local issues <strong>and</strong>priorities to a broader regional equity agenda.Directed by Urban Habitat, SEC has taken the lead<strong>in</strong> shap<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>novative strategies <strong>in</strong> the Bay Area, suchas a Compact for a Susta<strong>in</strong>able Bay Area, whichoutl<strong>in</strong>es the pr<strong>in</strong>ciples for susta<strong>in</strong>able localdevelopment that was endorsed by many <strong>of</strong> theregion’s jurisdictions, <strong>and</strong> the Community CapitalInvestment Initiative, which promotes the concept <strong>of</strong>double bottom l<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong>vestments that provideeconomic returns to <strong>in</strong>vestors as well as social <strong>and</strong>economic benefits to communities. The SEC, anadvocate for equitable development, workscollaboratively with its member organizations <strong>and</strong>other Bay Area groups to create policy changes <strong>in</strong>areas such as hous<strong>in</strong>g, transportation, <strong>and</strong>environmental justice.The Transportation <strong>and</strong> L<strong>and</strong> Use Coalition(TALC) emerged around the same time as theSocial Equity Caucus. The Coalition was catalyzedby a 1997 grant from the William <strong>and</strong> FloraHewlett Foundation to the Surface TransportationPolicy Project (STPP) that was designed to fostercollaboration <strong>in</strong> select metropolitan areas. Access totransportation is central to connect<strong>in</strong>g low-<strong>in</strong>comecommunities toregionalopportunities <strong>and</strong>resources <strong>in</strong> the BayArea, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g jobs,schools, <strong>and</strong> healthcare facilities. TheBay Area ischallenged, however,by a history <strong>of</strong>under-fund<strong>in</strong>gtransit <strong>in</strong>vestment <strong>in</strong>low-<strong>in</strong>comecommunities. Everspread<strong>in</strong>gsprawl<strong>in</strong>gdevelopment has left<strong>in</strong>frastructureplanners scrambl<strong>in</strong>gto keep up withtransportation needs,while the complexThe Bay Area is challengedby a history <strong>of</strong> underfund<strong>in</strong>gtransit <strong>in</strong>vestment<strong>in</strong> low-<strong>in</strong>come communities.Ever-spread<strong>in</strong>g sprawl<strong>in</strong>gdevelopment has left<strong>in</strong>frastructure plannersscrambl<strong>in</strong>g to keep upwith transportation needs,while the complex decisionmak<strong>in</strong>gprocesses <strong>and</strong> longplann<strong>in</strong>g horizons havetypically deterred communityparticipation <strong>in</strong> decisionmak<strong>in</strong>gprocesses.decisionmak<strong>in</strong>g processes <strong>and</strong> long plann<strong>in</strong>ghorizons have typically deterred communityparticipation <strong>in</strong> decisionmak<strong>in</strong>g processes. Thefocus <strong>of</strong> TALC is on creat<strong>in</strong>g a more susta<strong>in</strong>able <strong>and</strong>socially just Bay Area by ensur<strong>in</strong>g thatcommunities, particularly low-<strong>in</strong>comecommunities, have access to needed transportationservices. The Coalition’s work seeks to reverse a25The Bay Area Council represents 200 <strong>of</strong> the largest bus<strong>in</strong>esses <strong>in</strong> theregion (www.bayareacouncil.org). Urban Habitat is one <strong>of</strong> the oldestenvironmental justice organizations <strong>in</strong> the nation(www.urbanhabitat.org).57Funders’ Network for Smart Growth <strong>and</strong> Livable Communities
pattern <strong>of</strong> disproportionate transportation<strong>in</strong>vestment <strong>in</strong> highway development at the expense<strong>of</strong> transit services <strong>in</strong> low-<strong>in</strong>come communities.Orig<strong>in</strong>ally made up largely <strong>of</strong> regionalenvironmental <strong>and</strong> plann<strong>in</strong>g groups, TALC ispartnered with more than 90 organizations,<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g grassroots community groupsrepresent<strong>in</strong>g the <strong>in</strong>terests <strong>of</strong> low-<strong>in</strong>comecommunities <strong>of</strong> color. At times TALC jo<strong>in</strong>s forceswith the SEC through its Transportation JusticeWork<strong>in</strong>g Group to achieve policy w<strong>in</strong>s.Furthermore, the <strong>in</strong>volvement <strong>of</strong> low-<strong>in</strong>comegrassroots groups has sharpened TALC’s equityperspective <strong>and</strong> strengthened its advocacyefforts, accord<strong>in</strong>g to Stuart Cohen, TALC’sexecutive director.Add<strong>in</strong>g to the advocacy base for regional equity <strong>in</strong>the Bay Area, <strong>Regional</strong> Asthma Management &Prevention (RAMP), a project <strong>of</strong> the Public HealthInstitute, is focus<strong>in</strong>g on asthma as an equity issuethat is related to broader issues <strong>of</strong> environmentaljustice, transportation, hous<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>and</strong> education.Asthma, a disease that disproportionately affects low<strong>in</strong>comem<strong>in</strong>ority neighborhoods, can be triggered bypoor quality <strong>in</strong>door or outdoor air. Air pollutioncaused by factors like car exhaust, diesel fumes,tox<strong>in</strong>s, poor <strong>in</strong>door ventilation <strong>in</strong> crumbl<strong>in</strong>g schools,as well as mold<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> mildew <strong>in</strong> subst<strong>and</strong>ardhomes, is contribut<strong>in</strong>g to this grow<strong>in</strong>g problem.Created <strong>in</strong> 1996 to address the grow<strong>in</strong>g problem <strong>of</strong>asthma, RAMP recognizes that asthma is a multidimensionalissue that requires a multi-facetedapproach. In the search for solutions, RAMP <strong>in</strong>volvesa wide range <strong>of</strong> groups, such as health care providers,community-based organizations, managed careorganizations, <strong>in</strong>dividual county health departments,<strong>and</strong> environmental health as well as environmentaljustice advocates. A key player <strong>in</strong> health advocacy<strong>and</strong> contribut<strong>in</strong>g to legislative victories, RAMPcollaborates with other <strong>in</strong>itiatives to campaign forbetter environmental, hous<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>and</strong> school policies.For example, RAMP has collaborated with UrbanHabitat <strong>and</strong> the SEC, among others, to articulatethematic <strong>and</strong> strategic connections between asthma<strong>and</strong> environmental justice. It has emerged as aregional health <strong>in</strong>termediary <strong>and</strong> as a clear<strong>in</strong>ghouse<strong>of</strong> best practices <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>novative ideas. Theorganization facilitates <strong>in</strong>formation shar<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong>provides technical assistance <strong>in</strong> areas such ascoalition-build<strong>in</strong>g, capacity-build<strong>in</strong>g, policy <strong>and</strong>advocacy, <strong>and</strong> strategic plann<strong>in</strong>g. Exemplified as areplicable model, RAMP shows how limited localresources can be optimized at the regional level toserve a region’s public health needs.Funder InterestA variety <strong>of</strong> factors have attracted funders to thesegrantees, but one common theme emerges. Eachfunder acknowledges that they were attracted to theregion <strong>and</strong> the organizations pr<strong>of</strong>iled here becausethe Bay Area is a center <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>novative advocacy work.Carl Anthony, act<strong>in</strong>g director <strong>of</strong> the Community <strong>and</strong>Resource Development Unit at the Ford Foundation,calls the Bay Area “the epicenter <strong>of</strong> discourse aboutsusta<strong>in</strong>able development <strong>and</strong> regional equity <strong>in</strong> thecountry.” He expla<strong>in</strong>sthat the FordFoundation wantedto pursue theopportunity tocontribute to thelocal change effortsthrough the SEC.Additionally, Fordwanted to drawparallels <strong>and</strong> lessonsThe Bay Area is “theepicenter <strong>of</strong> discourse aboutsusta<strong>in</strong>able development<strong>and</strong> regional equity <strong>in</strong> thecountry.”— Carl Anthonylearned between their demonstration projects <strong>in</strong>Richmond, Calif., <strong>and</strong> Camden, N.J. On one h<strong>and</strong>,Richmond faces a host <strong>of</strong> socioeconomic problemsbut has a strong surround<strong>in</strong>g economy, whileCamden is similarly plagued with socioeconomicbarriers but is operat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> an environment where thesurround<strong>in</strong>g economy is weak. 26Innovation, the potential to share learn<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>and</strong> theability to replicate the models are the factors beh<strong>in</strong>dfunders’ <strong>in</strong>terest <strong>in</strong> TALC <strong>and</strong> RAMP, as they arewith SEC. Hooper Brooks, program director forenvironment at the Surdna Foundation, was attractedto TALC because it was do<strong>in</strong>g “some <strong>of</strong> the best work<strong>in</strong> the country” on transportation reform. Brooksdescribes the organization as hav<strong>in</strong>g considerablestrengths due to its ability to build coalitions, <strong>in</strong>volvemultiple parties, <strong>and</strong> its “skillful underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong>how the transportation fund<strong>in</strong>g world works.”Furthermore, senior program <strong>of</strong>ficer DianneYamashiro-Omi from the Bay Area <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> The26A more detailed pr<strong>of</strong>ile <strong>of</strong> the Ford Foundation’s regional equitydemonstration projects <strong>in</strong> Camden, N.J., <strong>and</strong> Richmond, Calif., beg<strong>in</strong>son page 32.EQUITABLE PUBLIC INVESTMENTPart III: Section 1: Promot<strong>in</strong>g Equitable Public Investment 58
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Stories of Philanthropic Leadership
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Signs of Promise:Stories of Philant
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Regional and neighborhood equity. A
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