ORCHIDACEAE - China

100ORCHIDOIDEAElip obovate, 11–12 × 12–13 mm, adaxially finely papillate, baseslightly contracted, simple, apex emarginate; spur cylindricconic,ca. 6 × 3 mm, attenuate, apex subacute, usually downcurved.Column ca. 2 mm; rostellum ligulate, ca. 2 mm. Fl.Aug.● Forests on limestone substrates; 400–1000 m. S Guangxi, SEYunnan.7. Hemipilia calophylla E. C. Parish & H. G. Reichenbach, J.Bot. 12: 197. 1874.美 叶 舌 喙 兰 mei ye she hui lanGalearis subrotunda (King & Pantling) P. F. Hunt; Hemipiliaamethystina Rolfe ex J. D. Hooker; Orchis subrotundaKing & Pantling.Plants 5.5–11 cm tall. Tubers ovoid, ca. 2 cm. Stem with 1tubular cataphyll at base, 1- or 2-leaved. Leaves abaxially darkgreenish purple, adaxially dark green netted with purplishbrown, suborbicular to ovate, 1.5–3 × 1–2.5 cm, base cordate torounded, apex acute. Inflorescence 5–9.5 cm, with 2 or 3 narrowlyovate sterile bracts; rachis 1–3.5 cm, laxly 1–4-flowered;floral bracts ovate, ca. 6 mm, apex acuminate. Flowers whiteand purple; pedicel and ovary erect, sometimes slightly arcuate,12–20 mm. Dorsal sepal ovate, 5–6.5 × 2–3 mm, 3-veined,apex acute; lateral sepals ovate-elliptic, oblique, 6–7 × 2.5–3mm, 1-veined, apex acute. Petals ovate, slightly oblique, 4.5–5× ca. 2 mm, 1-veined, apex acute; lip oblong to obovate, 9–11 ×6–8 mm, truncate, simple, margin undulate and slightly crenulatetoward apex, apex obtuse or occasionally emarginate; spurconic to urceolate, 6–8 mm, slightly downcurved toward apex.Column ca. 2 mm; rostellum ligulate, ca. 1.5 mm. Fl. Oct.About 1500 m. Yunnan [Myanmar, Thailand, N Vietnam].A single, somewhat dwarf collection at K (Henry 13815) is referableto this taxon, though material from neighboring countries in SEAsia indicates that overall dimensions, as well as those for the leaf andflower parts, can sometimes be greater. When these larger plants aretaken into consideration, lip dimensions in Hemipilia calophylla becomecontinuous with those of H. kwangsiensis, making the distinctiongiven in the key somewhat artificial. More material from China isrequired to assess the stability of floral characters within either taxon.Incompletely known speciesHemipilia forrestii Rolfe, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8:27. 1913.长 距 舌 喙 兰 chang ju she hui lanHemipilia forrestii var. macrantha Handel-Mazzetti.Plants ca. 20 cm tall. Tubers ellipsoid, 3–4(–5) cm. Stem1-leaved. Leaf ovate-oblong, ca. 4.5 × 2.5 cm, base subcordate,apex acute. Inflorescence ca. 17 cm; rachis ca. 6 cm, severalflowered; floral bracts lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 10–12mm, apex acuminate. Flowers rose-purple; pedicel and ovaryca. 20 mm. Dorsal sepal erect, cymbiform, ovate-oblong, ca. 6mm, apex obtuse; lateral sepals ovate, oblique, concave, ca. 12mm, apex subobtuse, recurved. Petals ovate-oblong, ca. 5 mm,apex obtuse; lip sessile, quadrate-obovate, ca. 13 × 10 mm,margin irregularly crenate, apex truncate; spur attenuate, ca. 30mm, slightly incurved, apex subacute. Column ca. 5 mm;rostellum ovate-oblong, ca. 3 mm. Fl. Sep.● Crevices on rocky slopes; 1200–3000 m. SW Sichuan, SE Xizang,NW Yunnan.This species is clearly a close ally of Hemipilia flabellata, thoughwith larger flower parts and a longer spur. No specimens have been seenby us to confirm its identity.30. BRACHYCORYTHIS Lindley, Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 363. 1838.苞 叶 兰 属 bao ye lan shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. CribbDiplacorchis Schlechter; Gyaladenia Schlechter; Phyllomphax Schlechter; Schwartzkopffia Kraenzlin.Herbs, terrestrial or epiphytic, leafy (or rarely holomycotrophic). Tubers ellipsoid to subglobose, fleshy, neck with severalslender roots. Stem erect, leafy (or covered with scales in holomycotrophic species). Leaves alternate, often densely arranged andimbricate, sheathing at base. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, often many flowered; floral bracts foliaceous, often as long as orexceeding flowers. Flowers resupinate, purple to white, often with fine dark spots or markings. Sepals free; dorsal sepal erect, ±concave; lateral sepals spreading or reflexed, often larger than dorsal sepal. Petals usually adnate at their base to side of column,ascending or erect; lip protruding, 2-partite, lateral margins reflexed, often longer than sepals and petals; hypochile concave withbasal sac or spur; epichile 2- or 3-lobed. Column erect, short, with 2 prominent auricles (on either side of anther base); anther ovoid,usually obtuse at base, with 2 parallel locules; pollinia 2, oblong, granular-farinaceous, sectile, attached via short caudicles to a large,naked viscidium; rostellum 3-lobed; stigma lobes confluent.About 33 species: mainly in S and tropical Africa and Madagascar, with a few species extending to tropical and subtropical Asia; three species(one endemic) in China.1a. Plants (21–)24–54 cm tall; leaves 6–15 cm; lip entire at apex .......................................................................................... 1. B. henryi1b. Plants 8–25 cm tall; leaves 1.2–4.5 cm; lip emarginate at apex.2a. Dorsal sepal ca. 7.5 mm, 3-veined; spur 3–4(–6) mm, not curved, not divided at apex ..................................... 2. B. galeandra2b. Dorsal sepal 12–13 mm, 5-veined; spur 10–12 mm, curved, shallowly 2-lobed at apex ............................. 3. B. menglianensis