ORCHIDACEAE - China

EPIDENDROIDEAE 211ovary elongate. Sepals and petals free, spreading to connivent, ovate. Petals often wider and shorter than sepals; lip oblong, concave,adnate to short column foot at base, spurred at base; disk with a prominent central papillate-pubescent callus; spur broad, protrudingforward, parallel to lip, apex obtuse. Column erect, broad, with a fingerlike process projecting on either side of anther at apex, withshort column foot at base; anther terminal, incumbent, 2-locular, apex acuminate; pollinia 4, in 2 pairs, granular-farinaceous, sectile,lacking conspicuous caudicles, attached directly to a common viscidium; stigma concave, broad and large; rostellum inconspicuous.Four species: China, NE India, Japan, Vietnam; one species in China.1. Yoania japonica Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 18: 68. 1872.宽 距 兰 kuan ju lanYoania amagiensis Nakai & F. Maekawa var. squamipes(Fukuyama) C. L. Yeh & C. S. Leou; Y. japonica var. squamipesFukuyama; Y. squamipes (Fukuyama) Masamune.Plants 10–30 cm tall. Rhizome branching, to ca. 15 ×1.5 cm. Stem pinkish white, covered with scattered scalelikesheaths. Rachis terminal, subdensely 3–5-flowered; floral bractsovate to broadly ovate, 5–7 mm, clasping pedicel. Flowers erect,spreading, pinkish purple; pedicel and ovary cylindric, 2.5–7cm, slender. Sepals oblong-ovate, 18–26 × 10–18 mm, apex obtuse.Petals broadly ovate, 15–24 × 14–18 mm, apex obtuse; lipspreading horizontally, ovate, concave, 15–20 × ca. 10 mm, saccateand spurred at base; disk with several longitudinal rows ofpapillae; spur spreading forward, parallel to lip, broad, 7–8 ×3.5–4 mm, apex obtuse. Column flattened, 8–13 mm, apex with2 fingerlike processes; processes each ca. 2 mm; column footca. 1.5 mm. Fl. Jun–Jul. 2n = 24.Coniferous forests, damp grassy slopes; 1800–2000 m. N Fujian,Jiangxi, E Taiwan [NE India, Japan].75. LIPARIS Richard, De Orchid. Eur. 21, 30, 38. 1817, nom. cons.羊 耳 蒜 属 yang er suan shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Paul Ormerod, Jeffrey J. WoodAlipsa Hoffmannsegg; Anistylis Rafinesque; Diteilis Rafinesque; Dituilis Rafinesque; Empusa Lindley; Empusaria Reichenbach;Iebine Rafinesque; Leptorkis Thouars; Malaxis sect. Platystylis Blume; Mesoptera Rafinesque; Paliris Dumortier; Platystylis(Blume) Lindley (1830), not Sweet (1828); Pseudorchis Gray (1821), not Séguier (1754); Sturmia Reichenbach (1826), not Hoppe(1799).Herbs, terrestrial, lithophytic, or epiphytic, rhizomatous, rarely mycotrophic and leaves reduced to scales. Stems pseudobulbous,sometimes appearing as a many-noded, fleshy stem, clustered or not, when young covered by sterile bracts. Leaves 1 to several,linear to ovate or elliptic, plicate or not, thinly textured to leathery, basal or cauline (terrestrial species), or arising from apex or subterminalnodes of pseudobulbs (epiphytic species), articulate or not at base. Inflorescences erect to pendulous, racemose, laxly ordensely many flowered; floral bracts persistent, small. Flowers small or medium-sized, yellow, green, orange, or purple, oftentranslucent, usually resupinate. Sepals spreading, dorsal sepal free, lateral sepals sometimes fused for part or all of their length. Petalsfree, often reflexed, often linear and unlike sepals; lip often reflexed, ovate, oblong, or flabellate, entire or lobed, usually with a basalcallus, lacking a spur. Column incurved-arcuate, clavate, long, winged at apex and sometimes at base; anther cap attached by a slenderfilament, 2-locular; pollinia 4 in 2 pairs, waxy, ovoid, bilaterally flattened, each pair with a small viscidium; rostellum thinlytextured, blunt. Capsule subglobose to ellipsoid, often ± with 3 obtuse ridges.About 320 species: well represented in tropical Asia, New Guinea, Australia, SW Pacific islands, and the subtropical and tropical Americas, witha single species in Europe and two in North America; 63 species (20 endemic) in China.Liparis gibbosa Finet (Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 342. 1908) was recorded from Yunnan by Y. M. Shui and W. H. Chen (Seed Pl. Karst RegionChina, 241. 2006). This species is easily recognizable by its distichous floral bracts and gibbous lip. It has a wide distribution (Indonesia, Laos,Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, Thailand, Vietnam; Pacific islands) and so could well be present in S China. However, the present authors couldnot substantiate the Chinese record because they found no relevant specimens.1a. Leaves herbaceous or membranous, not articulate at base; plants usually terrestrial.2a. Leaf solitary.3a. Floral bracts lanceolate, 5–9 mm.4a. Leaf cordate; lip with 2 small basal calli; column strongly arcuate, base with 2 low oblongmounds ...................................................................................................................................................... 28. L. petiolata4b. Leaf oblong to oblong-elliptic; lip without calli; column weakly arcuate, base with 2 subglobosemounds ......................................................................................................................................................... 4. L. glossula3b. Floral bracts triangular, 0.5–1 mm.5a. Leaves (3–)6–17 cm, cordate at base; raceme many flowered; lip broadly obovate, with 2 smallcalli ............................................................................................................................................................ 1. L. cordifolia5b. Leaves 1–2 cm, base not cordate; raceme 1- or 2-flowered; lip ovate-orbicular with 2 low ridges ......... 3. L. amabilis2b. Leaves 2 to many.6a. Plants with an elongate rhizome, pseudobulbs 2–5 cm or more apart.7a. Floral bracts 1.5–2.5 mm; lip apex usually broadly rounded, sometimes apiculate .............................. 7. L. auriculata