ORCHIDACEAE - China

90ORCHIDOIDEAEa hood, broadly elliptic, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm, apex obtuse; lateralsepals suboblong or narrowly elliptic, ca. 1.5 × 0.8 mm. Petalsnarrowly oblong, ca. 1.2 × 0.5 mm, apex obtuse; lip narrowlyelliptic-ligulate, 1.5–2 × ca. 1.2 mm, slightly fleshy, withnotched callus at base. Column extremely short. Capsule elliptic,ca. 4 × 2–2.5 mm. Fl. and fr. May–Sep. 2n = 44, 88.Grassy slopes, moist sunny meadows; 100–800 m (to 2000 m inTaiwan). Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, SE Sichuan,Taiwan, Zhejiang [Indonesia, Japan, Philippines; Australia, Pacificislands (New Zealand)].26. ORCHIS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 939. 1753.红 门 兰 属 hong men lan shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Phillip J. Cribb, Stephan W. GaleHerbs, terrestrial, small to medium-sized. Tubers ovoid or ellipsoid; roots filiform, emerging from subterranean stem at apex oftubers. Stem usually erect, terete, with tubular sheaths near base, glabrous. Leaves 2–5, basal or cauline, alternate, rarely subopposite,base contracted into clasping sheaths, spotted or not. Inflorescence terminal, cylindric, few to many flowered; floral bracts lanceolateto ovate, membranous. Flowers resupinate, secund or not, small to medium-sized; ovary twisted, pedicellate. Sepals free, glabrous;dorsal sepal erect, often concave; lateral sepals spreading, erect or connivent with dorsal sepal and petals to form a hood. Petals free,usually porrect; lip simple or 3- or 4-lobed, spurred at base or rarely spurless; disk with or without basal calli. Column stout; anthererect, base firmly adnate to apex of column, with 2 parallel or divergent locules; pollinia 2, granular-farinaceous, sectile, eachattached to a viscidium by a slender caudicle; each viscidium enclosed in a sticky globe, both globes enclosed in a common bursicleformed by folding of rostellar arms; stigma lobes confluent, concave, beneath rostellum; rostellum slightly protruding, with 2 arms;auricles 2, on each side of column. Capsule erect.About 20 species: mainly in Europe, temperate C and W Asia, and N Africa; one species in China.1. Orchis militaris Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 941. 1753.四 裂 红 门 兰 si lie hong men lanPlants 20–45 cm tall. Tubers ovoid, 1–1.5 cm, fleshy,entire. Stem with 2 tubular sheaths at base, 3–5-leaved. Leavesabaxially pale green, adaxially green, not spotted, oblong-ellipticto elliptic, 8–18 × 2.5–5 cm, apex obtuse. Inflorescence 4–10 × 0.3–0.5 cm, densely 5–15-flowered; floral bracts greensometimes tinged purplish red, ovate, 2–3 mm, much shorterthan ovary, apex acuminate. Flowers scented, medium-sized;ovary green, tinged with violet, oblong, slightly arching, 1–1.5cm including pedicel, glabrous. Sepals pinkish white, veinedrose-purple on inner surfaces; dorsal sepal erect, ovate-lanceolate,concave, 9–13 × 3–4 mm, 3-veined, apex acuminate; lateralsepals erect, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, 9–13 × 3.5–4.527. GALEARIS Rafinesque, Herb. Raf. 71. 1833.盔 花 兰 属 kui hua lan shumm, 3-veined, apex acuminate. Petals erect, connivent withdorsal sepal and forming a hood, pale purple to pink, linear,slightly shorter and narrower than dorsal sepal, 1-veined, apexacuminate; lip whitish in center with fine purplish red papillatespots, 1–1.4 cm, spurred at base, 4-lobed, lobes purplish red;basal lobes often erect, linear-falcate, ca. 8 × 1 mm, apex obtuse;mid-lobe much larger than basal lobes, linear-oblong toobovate, ca. 2 mm wide, apex divergently 2-lobed, with anapiculus between 2 lobules; lobules oblong-obovate, to 4 mm;spur pendulous, curving slightly forward, white or pink, cylindric,5–6 mm, much shorter than ovary, apex obtuse. Columnobtuse; anther purplish; rostellum 3-lobed. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 42.Limestone grasslands; ca. 600 m. N Xinjiang (Habahe) [Afghanistan,Mongolia, Russia; SW Asia, Europe].Chen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Phillip J. Cribb, Stephan W. GaleAceratorchis Schlechter; Aorchis Vermeulen; Galeorchis Rydberg.Herbs, terrestrial, small to medium-sized. Rhizome creeping, usually short; roots fibrous to fleshy. Stem erect, terete, withtubular sheaths near base. Leaves basal or cauline, 1 or 2, alternate, rarely subopposite, base contracted into clasping sheath.Inflorescence erect, terminal, racemose, laxly 1- to several flowered, glabrous; floral bracts conspicuous, lanceolate to ovate, leaflike.Flowers resupinate, secund or not, showy, small to medium-sized; ovary twisted, pedicellate, glabrous. Sepals free, glabrous; dorsalsepal erect, often concave; lateral sepals and petals usually connivent with dorsal sepal and forming a hood; lip simple or obscurely3-lobed, spurred at base or rarely spurless. Column stout; anther erect, base firmly adnate to apex of column, with 2 parallel or divergentlocules; pollinia 2, granular-farinaceous, sectile, each attached to a viscidium by a slender caudicle; each viscidium enclosed in asticky globe, both globes enclosed in a common bursicle formed by folding of rostellar arms; stigma lobes confluent, concave,beneath rostellum; rostellum slightly protruding, with 2 arms; auricles 2, winglike, on each side of column. Capsule erect.About ten species: mainly in the N temperate zone, extending to alpine areas of subtropical Asia and North America; five species (two endemic)in China.Galearis huanglongensis Q. W. Meng & Y. B. Luo (Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 158: 690. 2008), recently described from Sichuan (Songpan, 3000–3100m), could not be treated here because no specimens were seen by the present authors.