ORCHIDACEAE - China

260EPIDENDROIDEAE4. Geodorum attenuatum Griffith, Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5:358. 1844.大 花 地 宝 兰 da hua di bao lanGeodorum cochinchinense Gagnepain; G. laoticum Guillaumin;G. regnieri Gagnepain.Plants 15–30 cm tall. Pseudobulbs tuberous, subellipsoid,2–3 × 1–1.5 cm. Leaves 3 or 4, well developed at anthesis, oblanceolate-oblong,9–22 × 2.5–4.2 cm, apex acuminate; petiolelikestalk enclosed in several sheaths and forming a pseudostem4–9 cm. Inflorescence arising from base of pseudobulb, 6–12cm, much shorter than leaves; peduncle with 2 or 3 tubularsheaths; rachis pendulous, very short, densely 2–4-flowered;floral bracts lanceolate, 8–12 mm, membranous, apex acute.Flowers not opening widely, white, lip yellow above middle;pedicel and ovary 7–9 mm. Sepals oblong or ovate-oblong, 12–15 × 4–6 mm, apex shortly acuminate or subacute; lateral sepalssomewhat oblique. Petals ovate-elliptic, 11–13 × 7–8 mm, apexsubacute; lip broadly ovate, 12–14 × ca. 6 mm, concave to shallowlysaccate at base, unlobed, lateral margins erect, apex truncateand sometimes emarginate; disk with a brown, 2-lobedwartlike callus near base. Column stout, 2.5–3.5 × ca. 2.5 mm,with a short column foot. Fl. May–Jun.Forest margins; 200–1400 m. Hainan, S Yunnan [Laos, Myanmar,Thailand, Vietnam].5. Geodorum esquirolei Schlechter, Repert. Spec. Nov. RegniVeg. 17: 69. 1921.西 南 地 宝 兰 xi nan di bao lanPlants ca. 23 cm tall. Pseudobulbs tuberous, rotund, ca. 1.5cm in diam. Leaves 2, not fully developed at anthesis, narrowlyelliptic, ca. 20 × 4 cm, sheathing at base, apex acuminate. Inflorescenceerect, shorter than or subequal in height to leaves; pedunclewith 3 scattered sheaths; rachis pendent, short, densely7–10-flowered; floral bracts lanceolate, lower ones slightly exceedingflowers, upper ones shorter, apex acuminate. Flowersrose-colored; pedicel and ovary cylindric, ca. 8 mm. Sepals oblong,ca. 15 mm, shortly or long acuminate; lateral sepalsoblique. Petals ovate, oblique, ca. 14 mm, wider than sepals,apex apiculate; lip orbicular-ovate, ca. 13 × 8.5 mm, shallowlysaccate at base, 3-lobed, apex obtuse or retuse; disk with a calluscomposed of 3 short, fleshy, longitudinal ridges near base,middle ridge somewhat rugulose toward apex. Column short,ca. 5 mm. Fl. Jun.● Grasslands; ca. 800 m. Guizhou.6. Geodorum eulophioides Schlechter, Repert. Spec. Nov.Regni Veg. 17: 70. 1921.贵 州 地 宝 兰 gui zhou di bao lanPlants ca. 32 cm tall. Pseudobulbs tuberous, irregularlycylindric, ca. 2 cm in diam. Leaves 2, well developed at anthesis;petiole-like stalk enclosed in several sheaths. Inflorescenceca. 32 cm, taller than leaves; peduncle with 2 or 3 tubularsheaths; rachis pendulous, ca. 4.5 cm, densely many flowered;floral bracts narrowly lanceolate, lower ones ca. as long asflowers. Flowers rose-colored; pedicel and ovary ca. 10 mm.Sepals narrowly ligulate-oblong, 13–15 × 2–3 mm, apex apiculate;lateral sepals somewhat longer than dorsal sepal, slightlyoblique. Petals suboblong, slightly oblique, 13–15 × 4.5–5 mm,apex apiculate; lip ovate, ca. 12 × 8 mm, concave to shallowlysaccate at base, unlobed, margin undulate, apex subtruncate;disk papillate and thickened above middle. Column ca. 4.5 mm.Fl. Dec.● Along valleys; ca. 600 m. S Guizhou (Luodian).This species remains imperfectly known.91. CYMBIDIUM Swartz, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 2, 6: 70. 1799.兰 属 lan shuLiu Zhongjian ( 刘 仲 健 ), Chen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Phillip J. CribbCyperorchis Blume; Iridorchis Blume (1859), not Iridorkis Thouars (1809); Jensoa Rafinesque; Liuguishania Z. J. Liu & J. N.Zhang; Semiphajus Gagnepain, p.p.; Wutongshania Z. J. Liu & J. N. Zhang.Herbs, epiphytic, lithophytic, or terrestrial, autotrophic or rarely mycotrophic, usually with pseudobulbs. Pseudobulbs ovoid,ellipsoid, or spindle-shaped, rarely absent or stemlike, often enclosed in leaf bases. Leaves several to many, distichous, usuallylorate or linear, rarely oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, often articulate toward base. Inflorescence arising from base of pseudobulbor rarely from axils of leaves, erect to pendulous; rachis several to many flowered, rarely reduced to a solitary flower; floral bractspersistent. Flowers large or medium-sized. Sepals and petals free, subsimilar; lip free or basally fused for 3–6 mm to base of column,usually 3-lobed; lateral lobes erect, often clasping column; mid-lobe often recurved; disk usually with 2 longitudinal lamellaeextending from base of lip to base of mid-lobe; lamellae sometimes inflated toward apex or broken in middle. Column rather long,often slightly arcuate, often narrowly winged; pollinia 2 and deeply cleft, or 4 and in 2 unequal pairs, waxy, commonly attached bya very short or indistinct caudicle to a usually broad viscidium.About 55 species: tropical and subtropical Asia, south to Papua New Guinea and Australia; 49 species (19 endemic) in China.In China, many species of Cymbidium have been cultivated as ornamentals for many centuries, and a number of cultivated species that havebeen selected from wild populations now exhibit extreme variation; this is particularly true of C. ensifolium, C. goeringii, C. sinense, and C.tortisepalum. Some of this variability may be the result of hybridization and introgression in the wild. The large number of recently describednaturally occurring hybrids in Cymbidium can be explained by the rapid increase of disturbed habitats in China, which has allowed previouslyecologically isolated but sympatric species to colonize disturbed areas, such as those left after logging or land-use change.Cymbidium gongshanense H. Li & G. H. Feng (Acta Bot. Yunnan. 11: 39. 1989) may be a cultivated hybrid.