ORCHIDACEAE - China

EPIDENDROIDEAE 203obliquely triangular, 6–7 mm, margin involute, apex obtuse toacute; free portion of petals concave, ovate, ca. 2.5 mm, apexobtuse to acute; lip simple, oblong-rhombic, ca. 15 × 5–6 mm,glabrous, base shortly clawed, margin erose toward apex; clawwith a pair of lunar calli at base; disk with 2 yellowish, slightlyraised longitudinal ridges. Column 7–8 mm; column foot short;stigma linear, narrow. Capsule obovoid, ca. 20 × 7–8 mm. Fl.and fr. Mar–Apr. 2n = 36*.● 1600–1800 m. NW and SE Yunnan.5. Gastrodia elata Blume, Mus. Bot. 2: 174. 1856.天 麻 tian maGastrodia elata f. alba S. Chow; G. elata f. flavida S.Chow; G. elata f. glauca S. Chow; G. elata var. gracilis Pampanini;G. elata f. pilifera Tuyama; G. elata f. viridis (Makino)Makino; G. elata var. viridis (Makino) Makino; G. maireiSchlechter; G. viridis Makino.Plants 30–100 cm, rarely to 200 cm tall. Rhizomes usuallyellipsoid, 8–12 cm, stout, 3–5(–7) cm in diam., sometimeslarger, fleshy, densely noded, with triangular or broadly ovatescales at nodes. Peduncle orange, yellow, grayish brown, orgreenish, 25–80(–150) cm, with several membranous sheathstoward base; rachis 5–30(–50) cm, subdensely to densely 20–50-flowered; floral bracts oblong-lanceolate, 10–16 mm, oftenexceeding ovary, membranous, apex acuminate. Flowers suberect,resupinate, opening weakly, orange, pale yellow, bluishgreen, or yellowish white; pedicel and ovary 7–12 mm. Perianthtube urceolate, 8–10 × 5–7 mm, with a deep sinus betweenlateral sepals, base inflated, outer surface smooth; free portionof sepals ovate-triangular, 3–5 mm, apex obtuse; free portion ofpetals suboblong, smaller than sepal lobes, apex acute; lipobscurely 3-lobed, oblong-ovoid, 6–7 × 3–4 mm, glabrous, baseclawed, apical margin irregularly fimbriate; claw with a pair ofgibbous foldings; disk papillose, with a pair of fleshy reniformcalli. Column 5–7 mm; column foot short. Capsule obovoidellipsoid,14–18 × 8–9 mm. Fl. and fr. May–Jul. 2n = 24, 30,36.Sparse forests, open places in forests, forest margins, thicketmargins; 400–3200 m. Anhui, N Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan,Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol,Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan,NE India, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Russia (Far East)].This species is widely cultivated for its tubers (tianma) that areused in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of convulsive disorderssuch as epilepsy.6. Gastrodia flavilabella S. S. Ying, Quart. J. Chin. Forest. 17:83. 1984.夏 天 麻 xia tian maPlants 40–100 cm tall. Rhizome 4–10 cm, stout, 0.6–1.6cm in diam., with many coral-like roots. Peduncle lower partyellowish brown, dull purplish brown above, to ca. 70 cm, withseveral scalelike sheaths; rachis 7–25 cm, laxly 7–20-flowered;floral bracts caducous, ovate-lanceolate, apex acute. Flowersspreading or nodding, resupinate, yellowish green, lip yellowish;pedicel and ovary ca. 6 mm; pedicel not elongating infruit. Perianth tube urceolate, 10–11 mm, with a deep sinusbetween lateral sepals, base inflated, outer surface smooth; freeportion of sepals ovate, 2.5–4 mm, apex rounded; free portionof petals ovate to suborbicular, much smaller than sepal lobes;lip simple, obovate or obovate-oblong, 6–7 × 5–6 mm, glabrous,base shortly clawed, apical margin entire; claw with apair of ellipsoid calli; disk with a pair of large, fleshy reniformcalli near apex. Column pale green, ca. 7 mm, winged; columnfoot prominent; stigma rounded. Capsule dark brown, ellipsoid,ca. 15 mm. Fl. Jul.● Open humid places in forests; 1100–1300 m. C Taiwan.7. Gastrodia menghaiensis Z. H. Tsi & S. C. Chen, ActaPhytotax. Sin. 32: 559. 1994.勐 海 天 麻 meng hai tian maPlants 13–30 cm tall. Rhizome subellipsoid, 1–2.5 cm,rather stout, 0.5–1 cm in diam., with a few roots. Pedunclebrown to gray, 10–25 cm, with 5–7 cylindric, membranoussheaths below middle; rachis 2–5 cm, laxly 3–10-flowered;floral bracts brownish, ovate, 3–4 mm, apex acute. Flowerssuberect, not opening widely, white; pedicel and ovary 4–5 mm;pedicel elongating to ca. 2.2 cm in fruit. Perianth tube cylindric,8–12 mm, lacking a deep sinus between lateral sepals, outersurface smooth; free portion of sepals deltoid, 1.5–2 mm, margincrisped, apex obtuse-rounded; free portion of petals orbicular,much smaller than sepal lobes, margin crisped, apexrounded; lip shallowly 3-lobed, broadly ovate, 2–2.8 × 1.8–2.2mm, glabrous, base long clawed, margin denticulate, apex obtuse;claw ca. 4.5 × 1 mm, connate to inner surface of perianthtube for its entire length, with a pair of calli at base; disk with afleshy longitudinal ridge. Column 4–5 mm, winged, papillate atbase; column foot short or inconspicuous. Capsule ellipsoid,15–18 × 5–8 mm. Fl. and fr. Sep–Oct.● Forests; ca. 1200 m. S Yunnan (Menghai).8. Gastrodia peichatieniana S. S. Ying, Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan2: 690. 1987 [“peichatieniana” and “peichiatieniana”].北 插 天 天 麻 bei cha tian tian maGastrodia autumnalis T. P. Lin.Plants 10–40 cm tall. Rhizome 1.8–2.6 cm, 0.5–0.8 cm indiam., fleshy, villous. Peduncle pale whitish brown, 20–32 cm,3- or 4-noded, with several sheaths at base; sheaths not persistent;rachis 1–6 cm, subdensely 2–8-flowered; floral bracts palebrown, narrowly oblong-ovate, 2.5–4 mm, apex acute. Flowerserect, not resupinate, not opening widely, white, sometimestinged brown; pedicel and ovary white, tinged pale brown, 7–9mm; pedicel elongating in fruit. Perianth tube cylindric, 5–8mm, slender, lacking a deep sinus between lateral sepals, outersurface smooth; free portion of sepals deltoid, 0.8–1.5 mm,margin crisped; free portion of petals elliptic or suborbicular,smaller than sepal lobes, margin crisped; lip connate withperianth tube for most of its length, only apical portion free;free portion of lip exserted at sinus between lateral sepals, simple,ovate, slightly concave, small, glabrous, sometimes absent.Column 4–6 mm, with glandular spots on ventral surface towardbase; column wings 1–1.5 mm wide; column foot short.Capsule ellipsoid, to 20 mm. Fl. Oct.