ORCHIDACEAE - China

114ORCHIDOIDEAEglabrous, 3-veined, apex obtuse. Petals rhombic-ovate, ca. 2 ×1.5 mm, 1-veined, apex obtuse; lip ligulate, ca. 2.5 × 1 mm,dilated at base, entire; spur cylindric to ovoid, ca. 2 × 1 mm,slightly hooked toward apex, apex obtuse. Column ca. 1 mm.Fl. Jul–Aug.● NW Yunnan (Gaoligong Shan).40. Platanthera taiwanensis (S. S. Ying) S. C. Chen, S. W.Gale & P. J. Cribb, comb. nov.台 湾 舌 唇 兰 tai wan she chun lanBasionym: Tulotis taiwanensis S. S. Ying, Quart. J. Chin.Forest. 8: 144. 1975.Plants 15–20 cm tall. Rootstock tuberous, ovoid, 3–5 × ca.0.4 cm. Stem erect, slender, with basal sheaths, 2-leaved.Leaves basal, ovate to ovate-oblong, 5–7 × 2–3 cm, membranous,base contracted and sheathing, apex acute. Rachis manyflowered; floral bracts lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 6–9 × 2–3mm, apex acute. Flowers pale green to yellowish green; pediceland ovary cylindric, 4–6 mm. Dorsal sepal ovate, 2–2.5 ×ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse; lateral sepals ovate, 1.5–2× ca. 1.5 mm, apex obtuse or acute. Petals narrowly ovate, 2–3 × ca. 1 mm, glabrous, apex acuminate; lip ligulate, 4–6 × 2–3 mm, entire, apex obtuse-rounded; spur 2–2.5 × ca. 1 mm.● Alpine grasslands; 3200–3600 m. C and S Taiwan.41. Platanthera kwangsiensis K. Y. Lang, Guihaia 18: 5. 1998.广 西 舌 唇 兰 guang xi she chun lanPlants 23–28 cm tall. Stem erect or ascending, with tubularsheaths at base, 2-leaved. Leaves cauline, alternate, linear, 10–12 × 1.8–2 cm, base contracted and clasping, apex obtuse oracute. Peduncle slender, with 1 or more lanceolate bracts; rachis4.5–10.5 cm, densely many flowered; floral bracts lanceolate,ca. 15 mm, basal ones exceeding flowers. Flowers yellowishgreen; pedicel and ovary fusiform, 7–8 mm. Dorsal sepalerect, forming a hood with petals, ovate-oblong, cymbiform,5–6 × ca. 2 mm, glabrous, 3-veined, apex obtuse; lateral sepalsspreading, ovate-oblong, oblique, 5–6 × ca. 2 mm, glabrous, 3-veined, apex subobtuse. Petals erect, narrowly ovate, ca. 5.5 ×2.2 mm, 3-veined, apex obtuse; lip deflexed, linear, ca. 5 mm,fleshy, disk densely papillose, entire, apex obtuse; spur clavate,ca. 3 × 1.3 mm, shorter than ovary, apex obtuse. Column stout,ca. 1 mm; staminodes small; anther locules nearly parallel;pollinia obovoid, with short caudicles and elliptic viscidia;rostellum broad; stigma lobes confluent, concave, lying directlybelow rostellum. Fl. Jul–Aug.● Alpine grasslands; ca. 2100 m. N Guangxi (Xingan).42. Platanthera peichatieniana S. S. Ying, Coloured Ill. Fl.Taiwan 2: 691. 1987 [“peichatieniana” and “peichiatieniana”].北 插 天 山 舌 唇 兰 bei cha tian shan she chun lanPlants 2–4 cm tall. Stem with tubular sheaths at base, 2- or3-leaved. Leaves ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 3.5–4.5× 1.5–2 cm, base obtuse and clasping, apex acute to acuminate.Peduncle short, slender, with a foliaceous, lanceolate bract; rachis1.5–2 cm, 2–4-flowered; floral bracts lanceolate to linearlanceolate,4–8 × 2–2.5 mm, apex acuminate. Flowers palegreen to greenish yellow, small; pedicel and ovary fusiform, 4–8 mm. Dorsal sepal erect, forming a hood with petals, ovate totriangular-ovate, strongly concave, 2.5–3 × ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous,3-veined, apex acute; lateral sepals lanceolate, 5–6.5 ×2–3 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse. Petals narrowly ovatelanceolate,slightly oblique, ca. 5.5 × 2 mm, apex acute; lipspreading forward, entire, ligulate, elongate, 15–20 × 2.5–3.5mm, apex obtuse; spur cylindric, slender, 7–9 × ca. 0.5 mm,tapering toward apex, apex obtuse. Column 2–2.5 × ca. 1.5 mm.● Quercus forests, Fagus forests; 1400–1700 m. N Taiwan(Beicha Shan).32. DACTYLORHIZA Necker ex Nevski, Fl. URSS 4: 697, 713. 1935, nom. cons.掌 裂 兰 属 zhang lie lan shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. CribbCoeloglossum Hartman; Dactylorchis (Klinge) Vermeulen; Orchis subg. Dactylorchis Klinge; Satyrium Linnaeus (1753), notSwartz (1800, nom. cons.).Herbs, terrestrial, small to large, slender to robust. Tubers palmately lobed, fleshy, neck with several slender roots. Stem usuallyerect, terete, with tubular sheaths near base and several leaves above, glabrous. Leaves cauline, alternate, green, with purple spots ornot spotted, glabrous, base attenuate into clasping sheath. Inflorescence erect, terminal, racemose; rachis densely several to manyflowered; floral bracts lanceolate to ovate, foliaceous, often exceeding flowers. Flowers resupinate, secund or not, rose-purple, violet,yellow, greenish yellow, or rarely white, small to medium-sized; ovary twisted, cylindric-fusiform, glabrous. Sepals free, glabrous;dorsal sepal erect, often concave; lateral sepals spreading or reflexed, rarely connivent. Petals often connivent with dorsal sepal andforming a hood; lip simple, entire or 3- or 4-lobed, spurred at base; spur cylindric, conic, or saccate, much shorter than to subequal inlength to ovary. Column stout; anther erect, base firmly adnate to apex of column, with 2 parallel or divergent locules; pollinia 2,granular-farinaceous, sectile, each attached to a viscidium by a slender caudicle; each viscidium enclosed in a sticky globe, bothglobes enclosed in a common bursicle formed by folding of rostellar arms; rostellum slightly protruding, with 2 arms; stigma lobesconfluent, concave, beneath rostellum; auricles 2, usually prominent, on each side of column. Capsule erect.About 50 species: mainly in Europe and Russia, extending east to Korea, Japan, and North America, and south to alpine areas of subtropicalAsia and N Africa; six species in China.Owing to the occurrence of both hybridization and polyploidy, specific relationships within Dactylorhiza are complex. Accordingly, thetaxonomy of the genus is problematic, and nomenclature largely remains open to debate.