ORCHIDACEAE - China

EPIDENDROIDEAE 177mm, apex acute; lip 7–12 mm, 2-partite; hypochile shallowlysaccate, enclosed within bases of lateral sepals; hypochile lobeserect to spreading, obliquely triangular-ovate, apex obtuse; epichilebroadly ovate to ovate-suborbicular, 3–6 × 5–6 mm, with3–5 irregularly papillate, brownish lamellae. Column erect, 5–7mm, with 2 small wings; anther ovoid, 2–3 mm. Capsule cylindric,2–3 cm. Fl. May–Aug.● Dry open Pinus forests, alpine meadows; 2000–3000 m. C andN Taiwan.9. Cephalanthera longifolia (Linnaeus) Fritsch, Oesterr. Bot.Z. 38: 81. 1888.头 蕊 兰 tou rui lanSerapias helleborine Linnaeus subsp. longifolia Linnaeus,Sp. Pl. 2: 950. 1753; Cephalanthera acuminata Lindley; C.ensifolia (Swartz) Richard var. acuminata (Lindley) Tang &F. T. Wang; C. mairei Schlechter; C. thomsonii H. G. Reichenbach.Plants leafy, autotrophic, 20–50 cm tall. Stem slender tosomewhat robust, with 3–5 loosely clasping basal sheaths, 4–7-leaved. Leaves elliptic, lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, 4–16 ×0.5–3 cm, apex acuminate to long acuminate. Inflorescencesubdensely 2–20-flowered; rachis 1.5–6 cm; floral bracts linearlanceolateto narrowly triangular, basal 1 or 2 usually foliaceousand to ca. 70 mm, distal ones 2–6 mm. Flowers weaklyspreading, white, 1–1.5 cm; pedicel and ovary 6–10 mm. Sepalsnarrowly rhombic-elliptic or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, 11–16× 3.5–4.5 mm, 5-veined, apex acuminate or subacute. Petalssubobovate, 7–8 × ca. 4 mm, 5–7-veined, apex acute or mucronate;lip 5–7 × 6–9 mm, 2-partite; hypochile saccate, enclosedwithin bases of lateral sepals, with a small orange patch in middleof disk; hypochile lobes erect and embracing column, subovate-triangular,3–4 mm, apex subacute; epichile triangularcordate,3–4 × 5–6 mm, with 3–5 orange lamellae, densely papillosetoward apex, apex obtuse to acute. Column 4–6 mm,with 2 small oblong wings; anther 2–2.5 mm; stigma stalked.Capsule elliptic, 1.7–2 × 0.6–0.8 cm. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct.2n = 16, 32, 34, 34 + 2B, 42.Forests, thickets, along streams, open grasslands; 1000–3600 m. SGansu, W Henan, W Hubei, S Shaanxi, S Shanxi, W Sichuan, S and SEXizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan;N Africa, SW Asia, Europe].The extensive extra-Chinese synonymy is not cited here.58. TANGTSINIA S. C. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 194. 1965.金 佛 山 兰 属 jin fo shan lan shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Stephan W. GaleTerrestrial herbs, with a rather short rhizome and tufted roots. Roots fleshy, elongate. Stem erect, leafy, with several sheathstoward base. Leaves several, scattered, subsessile, plicate, papery. Raceme terminal, usually with several flowers; floral bracts verysmall, conspicuously shorter than pedicel and ovary, but lowest bract ± foliaceous. Flowers actinomorphic, erect, almost not twisted.Perianth composed of 3 similar sepals and 3 similar petals, lacking a modified lip. Column erect, relatively long, bearing at its apex aconcave stigma with anther behind and 5 staminodes surrounding stigma; anther erect, 2-locular, with a short filament; among 5staminodes, 3 opposite to petals, other 2 inconspicuous and resembling an extension of column ridges; pollinia 4, granularfarinaceous,lacking appendages; rostellum absent. Fruit a capsule.● One species: China.For a detailed discussion on this genus, Diplandrorchis, and Holopogon, see Chen and Tsi (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25: 329–339. 1987). One of us(Gale) believes that Tangtsinia nanchuanica is a peloric form of Cephalanthera falcata and that Tangtsinia should be considered congeneric withCephalanthera.1. Tangtsinia nanchuanica S. C. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10:195. 1965.金 佛 山 兰 jin fo shan lanPlants leafy, autotrophic, 15–35 cm tall. Rhizome 1–2 cm,0.4–0.8 cm in diam.; roots 2.5–4 mm in diam. Stem slender,with several sheaths at base, 4–6-leaved. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate,6–9 × 1.2–3 cm, 5–7-veined, apex acute to acuminate.Inflorescence 3–6-flowered or rarely only 1- or 2-flowered;rachis 3–6 cm; floral bracts deltoid-lanceolate, much reduced,1–1.5 mm, though lowest one to 10 mm. Flowers erect, weaklyspreading, yellow, base slightly tinged with white; pedicel andovary 13–16 mm. Sepals narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 15–17 ×Sinorchis S. C. Chen.3.5–4.5(–5.5) mm, 5-veined, apex obtuse. Petals obovate-elliptic,11–13 × 4–4.5(–5.5) mm, apex obtuse; lip similar to petals,not distinct, lacking lamellae, spurless. Column yellowish green,subtrigonous-cylindric, 6–8 mm, apex slightly dilated, with 3large and 2 small wings; large wings white, spotted with silver,subligulate; smaller wings inconspicuous, similar in color tocolumn; anther oblong-ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm; filament broad, subovate-lanceolate,1–1.5 mm; pollinia white, narrowly falcateovate,ca. 1.6 mm. Capsule erect, subellipsoid, ca. 2 × 0.7 cm.Fl. Apr–Jun.● Openings in forests, thicket margins, grassy slopes; 700–2100m. Chongqing, N Guizhou.59. APHYLLORCHIS Blume, Tab. Pl. Jav. Orchid. ad t. 77. 1825.无 叶 兰 属 wu ye lan shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Stephan W. Gale