ORCHIDACEAE - China

EPIDENDROIDEAE 253times clustered. Inflorescence terminal, erect, racemose, with several membranous tubular sheaths, yellowish green or pale purple;rachis few to many flowered, lax or dense; floral bracts triangular-lanceolate, small, membranous. Flowers resupinate; pedicel andovary fusiform. Sepals similar, free, sometimes connivent, lanceolate; lateral sepals slightly oblique, sometimes connate at base andforming a short mentum with base of column at apex of ovary. Petals broadly lanceolate or obovate, usually shorter than sepals; lipsimple or 3-lobed, spurless, margin often involute; disk with 2 fleshy longitudinal lamellae extending from base up to midway alongits length. Column elongate, sometimes with ventral wings; anther terminal, incumbent, subglobose, attached by a narrow filament;pollinia 4, separate, subglobose, waxy, without conspicuous caudicles, attached to a solitary sticky viscidium; viscidium triangular,broad; stigma surface elliptic-cordate; rostellum triangular, small. Capsule pendulous, ribbed.Eleven species: temperate and montane areas of Central and North America, with one circumboreal species; one species in China.1. Corallorhiza trifida Châtelain, Spec. Inaug. Corallorhiza8. 1760.珊 瑚 兰 shan hu lanOphrys corallorhiza Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 945. 1753; Corallorhizainnata R. Brown.Plants slender, 10–28 cm tall. Rhizome beige to brown,extensively branching. Inflorescence reddish brown, with 3–5sheaths; sheaths amplexicaul, reddish brown, tubular, 1–6 cm,membranous; rachis 1–3(–5) cm, laxly to densely 3–7-flowered;floral bracts ca. 1 mm. Flowers ascending, pale yellowishgreen to white; pedicel and ovary 3.5–5 mm. Dorsal sepalarching forward and forming a loose hood with petals, narrowlyoblong-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 4–6 × 1–1.5 mm, 1-veined, apex obtuse or acute; lateral sepals similar to dorsalsepal, slightly oblique, 4–6 × 1–1.5 mm, connate at base andforming an inconspicuous mentum with base of column, 1-veined, apex obtuse or acute. Petals broadly lanceolate to oblanceolate,3–5 × ca. 1.5 mm, 1-veined, apex obtuse or acute;lip broadly oblong, 2.5–3.5 × ca. 1.5 mm, obscurely 3-lobedtoward base; lateral lobes erect, small; mid-lobe elliptic to oblong,1–1.5 × ca. 0.8 mm, apex rounded and sometimes emarginate;disk with 2 thick longitudinal lamellae extending to baseof mid-lobe. Column 2.5–3 mm, with small wings; stigmatransversely oblong, broad. Capsule ellipsoid, 7–9 × ca. 5 mm.Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug. 2n = 38, 40, 42.Forests, thickets; 2000–2700 m. Gansu, N Guizhou, Hebei, Jilin,Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang [India, Japan, Kashmir, Korea,Nepal, Russia; Europe, North America].The extensive extra-Chinese synonymy is not cited here.89. EULOPHIA R. Brown, Bot. Reg. 7: ad t. 573 [“578”]. 1821 [“Eulophus”], nom. cons.美 冠 兰 属 mei guan lan shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Phillip J. Cribb, Stephan W. GaleCyrtopera Lindley; Donacopsis Gagnepain; Lissochilus R. Brown; Semiphajus Gagnepain, p.p.Herbs, terrestrial, autotrophic or rarely heteromycotrophic. Pseudobulbs subterranean or borne above ground, cormlike, tuberous,or rhizomatous, usually several noded, with several slender or thick fibrous roots at base. Leaves appearing at or after anthesis, 1to many, basal, base tapering or contracted into a long petiole-like stalk, reduced to scales in heteromycotrophic species; petiole-likeleaf base sometimes overlapping and forming a pseudostem. Inflorescence erect, lateral, racemose or rarely paniculate, laxly to subdenselymany flowered or occasionally reduced to a solitary flower. Flowers resupinate, small to large, sometimes showy; pediceland ovary slender. Sepals free, similar; lateral sepals usually slightly oblique, sometimes adnate to column foot. Petals similar todorsal sepal or slightly wider; lip ± erect, usually 3-lobed, lateral lobes erect and embracing column, rarely entire, base usuallyspurred or saccate; disk usually with a callus consisting of lamellae, ridges, or fringes. Column short to long, usually winged; columnfoot present or less commonly absent; anther terminal, incompletely 2-locular, anther cap often with 2 projections; pollinia 2, ± cleft,waxy, attached to a suborbicular viscidium by a short, broad stipe.About 200 species: tropical and subtropical regions, most diverse in Africa, but also widespread from Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands toC and tropical Asia, the SW Pacific islands, and N and NW Australia; 13 species (two endemic) in China.1a. Plants leafless at anthesis or heteromycotrophic and lacking leaves altogether.2a. Flowers lemon-yellow; lip 25–30 mm .......................................................................................................................... 6. E. flava2b. Flowers purple-red, brownish yellow, green, purple, maroon, or pink; lip 9–15 mm.3a. Column with a prominent column foot 3–5 mm.4a. Plants heteromycotrophic, lacking green leaves; sepals dull purple-red to brownish yellow; spurconic, ca. 2 mm ......................................................................................................................................... 1. E. zollingeri4b. Plants autotrophic, with green leaves; sepals pale green with purple veins; spur saccate, ca. 4 mm ...... 2. E. bicallosa3b. Column lacking a column foot, or if present ca. 1 mm.5a. Plants 40–80 cm tall; pseudobulb borne above ground; inflorescence occasionally branched andpaniculate; lip 4–5 mm wide, 3-lobed at or below middle ...................................................................... 5. E. graminea5b. Plants 15–45 cm tall; pseudobulb subterranean; inflorescence always racemose, never paniculate;lip 6.5–12 mm wide, 3-lobed above middle.6a. Leaves 3–5 cm wide; sepals ca. 2 mm wide ......................................................................................... 3. E. dentata6b. Leaves 0.4–0.8 cm wide; sepals 3–5 mm wide ........................................................................................ 4. E. dabia