ORCHIDACEAE - China

ORCHIDOIDEAE 1176. Dactylorhiza viridis (Linnaeus) R. M. Bateman, Pridgeon &M. W. Chase, Lindleyana 12: 129. 1997.凹 舌 掌 裂 兰 ao she zhang lie lanSatyrium viride Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 944. 1753; Coeloglossumbracteatum (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Parlatore; C.nankotaizanense (Masamune) S. S. Ying; C. taiwanianum S. S.Ying; C. viride (Linnaeus) Hartman; C. viride var. bracteatum(Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) A. Gray; Gymnadenia viridis(Linnaeus) Richard; Habenaria viridis (Linnaeus) R. Brown; H.viridis var. bracteata (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) A. Gray;Herminium nankotaizanense Masamune; Orchis bracteataMuhlenberg ex Willdenow; Peristylus bracteatus Lindley; P.viridis (Linnaeus) Lindley; Platanthera nankotaizanensis(Masamune) Masamune; P. viridis (Linnaeus) Lindley.Plants slender to robust, 14–45 cm tall. Tuber palmately 2-or 3-lobed. Stem erect, with 2 or 3 tubular sheaths at base, 3–5-leaved. Leaves usually widely spaced and alternate, green, notspotted, narrowly obovate-oblong or elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate,5–12 × 1.5–5 cm, apex obtuse or acute, uppermost leafoften smaller and bractlike. Rachis 3–15 cm, ± laxly to denselymany flowered; floral bracts linear to narrowly lanceolate, 2–3cm, lower ones exceeding flowers. Flowers greenish yellow togreenish brown, small; ovary and pedicel ca. 10 mm. Dorsalsepal erect, concave, ovate-elliptic, 4.2–8 × 2.5–3.5 mm, 3-veined, apex obtuse; lateral sepals oblique, ovate-elliptic,slightly longer than dorsal sepal, 4 or 5-veined, apex obtuse.Petals straight, forming a hood with dorsal sepal, linear-lanceolate,5–6 × 1–1.2 mm, 1-veined; lip deflexed, oblong-lanceolate,5–9 × 3–4 mm, fleshy, disk with a short, central, longitudinalkeel, 3-toothed toward apex; lateral teeth 1.5–2 mm;mid-tooth smaller, less than 1 mm; spur saccate-ovoid, 2–4 mm.Fl. Jun–Aug. 2n = 40, 41, 42.Forests, thickets, alpine grasslands; 1200–4300 m. Gansu, Hebei,Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia,Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, NE Xizang, NWYunnan [Bhutan, Japan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia,Nepal, Russia, Turkmenistan; SW Asia, Europe, North America].The extensive extra-Chinese synonymy is not cited here.33. SMITHORCHIS Tang & F. T. Wang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 7: 139. 1936.反 唇 兰 属 fan chun lan shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. CribbHerbs, terrestrial, small. Rhizome creeping, slender, fleshy, neck with several slender roots. Stem erect, glabrous, 2–4-leaved.Leaves cauline, narrowly lanceolate. Inflorescence a terminal raceme, up to 10-flowered. Flowers not resupinate, small; ovarytwisted, fusiform. Sepals free, similar, subequal in size. Petals smaller than sepals; lip slipper-shaped, entire, base saccate-spurred.Column short, with 2 lateral appendages; anther sessile, hooded, erect, with 2 nearly parallel and contiguous locules; rostellum andstigma combined into a solitary orbicular structure at posterior margin of anther; pollinia 2, granular-farinaceous, sectile, attached viavery short caudicles to orbicular viscidia.● One species: China.This monospecific genus is distinguished from its closest allies Herminium and Diphylax by its long creeping rhizome, non-resupinate flowers,and undifferentiated rostellum.1. Smithorchis calceoliformis (W. W. Smith) Tang & F. T.Wang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 7: 140. 1936.反 唇 兰 fan chun lanHerminium calceoliforme W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot.Gard. Edinburgh 13: 211. 1921.Plants 5–10 cm tall. Stem with 2 or 3 tubular sheaths atbase. Leaves spreading, narrowly lanceolate, ca. 20 × 4 mm,base contracted into an amplexicaul sheath, apex acute or acuminate.Inflorescence 7-flowered; rachis ca. 1.5 cm; floralbracts lanceolate, slightly longer than ovary, margin denticulate.Flowers fragrant, deep yellow; ovary and pedicel ca. 3 mm.Sepals similar, membranous, 1-veined; dorsal sepal obovate, ca.1 × 0.7 mm, apex obtuse; lateral sepals spreading, oblong-ovate,oblique, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm, apex subacute. Petals spreading, rhombic-ovate,smaller than sepals, slightly fleshy, 1-veined, apexobtuse; lip ca. 1.5 mm, fleshy, much thicker than sepals, saccate-spurredat base; rostellum and stigma undifferentiated.● Open alpine grasslands; 3200–4000 m. NW Yunnan.34. DIPHYLAX J. D. Hooker, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 19: ad t. 1865. 1889.尖 药 兰 属 jian yao lan shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. CribbHerbs, terrestrial, small. Tubers ovoid to cylindric, fleshy. Stem erect, terete, short, glabrous, with 1 to several basal sheaths and1–3 subradical leaves. Leaves lanceolate to elliptic, adaxially often with yellow or white reticulate veins, basally contracted into apetiole-like amplexicaul sheath. Inflorescence with 1 to several foliaceous sterile bracts, and with several to more than 20 secundflowers in a terminal raceme; floral bracts ovate to lanceolate. Flowers resupinate, small to medium-sized; ovary twisted, shortlypedicellate. Sepals and petals similar; sepals not widely spreading, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, subequal in size. Petals linear-